Coco Chanel & Vivien Westwood Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Coco Chanel & Vivien Westwood - Essay Example Modernism was not conceived as a style but a loose collection of ideas. Where and when it was born is anybody's guess, but it flourished in Germany and Holland, as well as in Moscow, Paris, Prague and New York. Modernists wanted to build a better world, a world that could achieve social improvement through technology. The modernist's principles were frequently combined with social and political beliefs which held that design and art could, and should, transform society. Gabrielle 'Coco' Chanel belonged to this school of thought. (V&A, Modernism-Designing a New World 1914-1939, www.vam.ac.uk)1. Modernism which presume the existence of clear-cut distinctions between different types of aesthetic endeavors, are perceived as elitist in comparison with postmodernism, in which high culture is no longer viewed as aesthetically superior to popular culture and dominant cultures are no longer more significant than minority cultures. The shift from modernist to postmodernist styles is viewed as a consequence of social, political, and cultural changes that have altered the relationships between different social groups and the dominant culture, as well as the ways in which these social groups can be plausibly represented by cultural categories (An Excerpt from Diana Crane’s 1933- "Postmodernism and the Avant-Garde: Stylistic Change in Fashion Design", . The reign of Prince Regent (1820-1830) came to be known as the Regency era. Empress Josephine, during Emperor Napoleon’s (1804) time was a great fashion leader for the slender fashions of the day designed by Leroy. From fak e pearls and strass paste gems to parures and Cameos, these fascinating jewellery made under the influence of Greek and Roman architecture, came to be symbolic of the 18th and 19th century fashion world. The high waist styles of early 19th century known as the Empire style, evolved in the late 1700s. It began as a chemise shift gathered under the breasts and at the neck.It had a very dcollet low square neckline, a short narrow backed bodice and separate skirt. The small neat puff sleeves barely capped the shoulder. They were pulled back by the narrow cut of the bodice and this restricted arm movement. The fabric for Empire dresses was usually made of fine white lawn, muslin or batiste. The predominant styles followed during the regency fashion period were those of Spencer, Pelisse, and Redingote (Pauline Weston Thomas, Regency Fashion History, 1800s Costume History, for Fashion-era.com, www.fashion-era.com). 2.0 Definition of Modernism and Post-Modernism Between World Wars I and II, there was the rise of a puritanical style of design popularly called Modernism or the International Style. Many designs during this period represented a form known for its overall severity and geometry, combined with symmetry, order and simplicity. What was conspicuous was the absence of colour and applied decoration. When colour was applied, it was rarely spontaneous, and seen in geometrical formats and clear-cut,

Discuss how clinical protocols tie into quality management programs Research Paper

Discuss how clinical protocols tie into quality management programs within in the clinical setting - Research Paper Example Brown et al., second this in their study on quality assurance in healthcare in developing countries when they stress on the fact that improving quality actually pays rather than costs, and how health managers with limited budgets cannot afford to ignore that fact (Brown, Franco, Rafeh & Hatzell, n.d.). Buttell et al., mention a few clinical measures recommended by the Institute of Medicine, which are; to improve leadership and knowledge, to identify and learn from errors, to set performance standards and expectations for safety and to implement safety systems in health care organizations (Buttell, Hendler & Daley, 2007). A safe healthcare environment is essential for any medical or clinical institution. Clinical protocols must be followed to ensure quality management and control. They tie into quality management programs within the clinical setting by making healthcare safe, effective, patient-centered, apt, resourceful and impartial.  The thing that  should be aiming for, is constant  improvement. So that, future generations may also benefit from improved healthcare standards as a result of following clinical protocols. In order to achieve the objective of uninterrupted  improvement, merely defining the parameters of what quality care actually is will definitely not be sufficient although the mission hasn’t quite reached completion. Brown, L. D., Franco, L.M., Rafeh, N., Hatzell, T. (n.d.). Quality Assurance of Health Care in Developing Countries. Quality Assurance Methodology Refinement Series. Retrieved from http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/Pnabq044.pdf Buttell, P., Hendler, R., Daley, J. (2007). Quality in Healthcare: Concepts and Practice. The Business of Healthcare. Retrieved from

Treatment For Women Survivors Of Childhood Abuse Psychology Essay

Treatment For Women Survivors Of Childhood Abuse Psychology Essay Many women in the United States are adult survivors of child abuse. As testimony to this to this fact, it was discovered in surveys of 1,931 women that up to 62% had a history of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and up to 30% reported childhood physical abuse (McCauley et al). Numerous female adult survivors of child abuse will experience psychological and behavioral issues as a result, and may benefit from some form of psychotherapy as treatment. Typical strategies used include cognitive-behavioral, trauma-focused, and emotion [-] focused approaches (qtd. in Hodges). Cognitive-behavioral therapy should be considered by women survivors of childhood abuse who are experiencing depression, anxiety, or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The impact of childhood abuse on women is profound. Dr. Ileana Arias reports in her article The Legacy of Child Maltreatment: Long-Term Health Consequences for Women that Documented psychological problems in adulthood among women survirors of child maltreatment include post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, anxiety, somatization, substance abuse, eating disorders, personality disorders, and suicidal behavior. According to reported and documented occurrences of abuse, one particular type of abuse that affects females more than males is childhood sexual abuse. The National Center for Victims of Crime (2007) reported that girls are victimized at least three times more often than boys, and one in four adolescent girls will experience CSA before reaching 18 (qtd. in Hodges). Unfortunately, for the disproportionate amount of female survivors, results of childhood sexual abuse are so traumatic that it can actually alter the brain. For example, this information was given in The Publics Health, Newsletter for Medical Professionals in Los Angeles County in an article titled Adult Manifestations of Childhood Sexual Abuse, Controlled studies have shown that adult survivors of child sexual abuse (ASCSA) are more likely to exhibit adverse psychopathologies in adulthood, and neuroimaging studies confirm that exposure to sexual abuse in childhood alters the neurobiology and neurostructures in the brain, leading to scarring, an abnormal neurohormonal response to future stressors, and predisposes the victim to a lifetime of negative consequences. (3) The article states that the affected areas of the brain are the left hemisphere, the hippocampus and amygdala, and the corpus callosum. If there is neurodevelopmental damage to these parts of the brain, the victim can experience a number of psychological results, including depression, panic disorder, and PTSD (qtd. in DeCarli 3). This is of particular concern to women because PTSD is often a result of experiencing sexual abuse as a child. PTSD is defined in Women Are Diagnosed With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder More than Men, Says Research, as an anxiety disorder precipitated by a traumatic event and characterized by symptoms of re-experiencing the trauma, avoidance and numbing and hyperarousal. (APA). The article notes findings by the American Psychological Association (APA) that women are diagnosed with PTSD more than men. It is common knowledge that men and women are different in a variety of ways, and the way that trauma seems to affect each gender is no exception. The article states that, A reason that men may not fit the current diagnosable criteria of PTSDà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦is that their symptoms may manifest themselves differently. (qtd. in APA). Women would be more likely to report depression or anxiety whereas men would report behavior or drug problems (APA). Cognitive-behavioral therapy is one of the best methods of treatment available and practiced in the U.S. today. Dr. Helen Kennerly defines CBT as therapy which aims to improve mood and change unhelpful behaviors by tackling the thoughts, memories, images and beliefs which are linked with problems (Kennerly 58). Use of cognitive behavioral therapy techniques would be beneficial to women survivors because it is aimed to supply the victim with a thought process to counter the thoughts that provoke or perpetuate depression, anxiety, or PTSD. The process is explained in The Clients Guide to Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy: How to Live a Healthy, Happy Lifeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ No Matter What! by Aldo R. Pucci, President of the National Association of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapists. First, the book teaches the Emotional ABCs. The ABCs are this: one is aware of something, then he or she has a belief about it, and the result of the belief is the consequential emotion that results. The belief is positive, neutral, or negative (23). Those thoughts are propelled by underlying assumptions that would be the core to the beliefs (35). Being aware of this process and core beliefs is empowering, and this awareness gives the victim the power to change it. In example, if a woman was abused as a child, and her underlying assumption is that shes not worthy of respect as a result, then that could influence her beliefs and actions in any number of scenarios. She may act timidly in a situation or be a doormat to others because that is her underlying assumption. The core belief must be found and challenged, and the emotional ABCs lead the way to discovery. Next, Puccis version of the The Common Mental Mistakes, mistakes that could also provoke depression, anxiety, and PTSD in a female adult survivor, is introduced. Pucci lists 26 mental mistakes, and then gives a list of Common Emotional Problems and the Common Mental Mistakes. Of the 26 mental mistakes, he lists some that would cause a feeling of depression, including irrational hopelessness/helplessness and catastrophizing (85). A female adult survivor might feel helplessness or hopelessness as an adult because those feelings were likely in the child who had no control of or escape from the abuse. As an adult, however, the former abuse victim has much more control of their life. Pucci describes catastrophizing as another form of underestimating ones potential to deal with a situation effectively (71). He goes on to say that words and expressions often used when catastrophizing are: awful, terrible, horrible, catastrophic, and end-of-the-world (71). If those words were to be replaced with a more neutral word, such as unfortunate, the impact might be deflated (Pucci). This is not say that a female adult survivor of child abuse should want to minimize the validation of their feelings during childhood, but rather to recognize in adult situations if those overwhelming feelings and words are automatic when met with challenge in adult life. These are some of the stepping stones that would lead women survivors to a rational approach, so that even if happiness isnt always attainable, maybe a neutral, solid ground can be reached instead of being sucked into the quicksand of depression and anxiety (Pucci). Alternatively, a trauma-focused CBT approach may be more beneficial to the women survivors experiencing PTSD as a result from childhood sexual abuse. This therapy requires the client to revisit the traumatic experiences through detailed descriptions of the occurrences to assist in identifying the triggers for PTSD, then developing cognitive processes to counter the behavior that follows, such as avoidance of things that are non-threatening triggers. Hodges states, Counseling interventions like trauma-focused therapy presuppose that the focus of therapy with women survivors of CSA is the trauma experience and that reviewing the experience is necessary for the client to improve psychologically. This type of therapy has been stated as generally beneficial for adults who were sexually abused as children (qtd. in Hodges). Although CBT would prove beneficial to treating adult female survivors, there are, of course, alternative treatments, and some experts would not consider this to be the treatment of choice. For example, Hodges takes a different stance on treatment, suggesting a wellness approach instead. Focusing primarily on the trauma itself neglects the individuals growth potential and the positive effect posttraumatic growth has on psychological distress (qtd. in Hodges), she notes, however, Wellness-focused interventions validate the individual and the fact that the important thing is not why the individual survived but how (Hodges). This type of therapy would pay homage to the clients strong points in having dealt with sexual childhood abuse, such as resiliency. Though this, too, could prove beneficial to the women survivors, the CBT approach helps to excavate the core self-belief that is the origin of the suffering they are experiencing in adult life, and gives them tools to successfully comba t the origins of their suffering. Another approach to treatment would be medication for anxiety or depression, in combination with therapy or as a sole treatment. Not only do antidepressants have the potential to cause side effects ranging from weight gain to insomnia to anxiety, they are of particular concern to women who are or could potentially become pregnant. The Mayo Clinic states that some types of antidepressants have been associated with health problems in babies. For instance, these risks are listed by the Mayo Clinic for the selective serotonin reuptake inihibitor (SSRI) Citalopram, better known as Celexa: Risks: Has been associated with a rare but serious newborn lung problem (persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn, or PPHN), when taken during the last half of pregnancy; has been associated with septal heart defects; has been associated with a birth defect that affects the brain and skull (anencephaly), a birth defect that affect sutures on the head (craniosynostosis) and a birth defect that affects the abdominal organs (omphalocele). This is just one example, and nearly all the other popularly prescribed antidepressants have similar or equally serious risks. This possibility of side effects in all users and the risks of use in pregnant women make psychotherapy a more reasonable treatment, and the effects may be longer-lasting, as cognitive behavioral therapy aims to treat the causes of depression, not just the symptoms. Likewise, anti-anxiety medications come with their own risks. Anti-anxiety medications known as benzodiazepines (i.e., Ativan) are effective in treating anxiety disorders, however, side effects include drowsiness, poor concentration, and irritability (WebMD). Perhaps of greater concern, these medications are addictive and are not as desirable for long-term use (WebMD). A female adult survivor of child abuse would most likely find long-term benefits and methods that can be used indefinitely in the tools that are developed in cognitive-behavioral therapy rather than relying on medication for these reasons. Although using cognitive-behavioral techniques with a therapist as a guide is ideal, some seeking help may not have the means to attend therapy. In that case, there are a good number of self-help books that employ the fundamentals of this approach. One book that directly addresses using CBT for the adult survivors of child abuse is Overcoming Childhood Trauma: A self-help guide using Cognitive Behavioral Techniques by Helen Kennerley. Puccis book could be used without a therapist as well. Because childhood sexual abuse affects more women than men, books can more easily be found that are written for women. One book is called The Courage to Heal: A Guide for Women Survivors of Child Sexual Abuse by Ellen Bass and Laura Davis. If the woman survivor has the will to treat her anxiety, depression, or PTSD but does not have the financial luxury (or insurance coverage) to use a therapist, any of these books and others available can be of assistance. In conclusion, the primary goals cognitive-behavioral therapy of identifying the mental cues that perpetuate the women survivors suffering and then dealing with the irrationality of some beliefs and behaviors is an ideal treatment. Identifying the underlying assumptions of what has shaped the survivors thoughts and being given those mental tools to fix the problem would be more beneficial than some of the alternatives. Some therapies may not get to the core of what the client is experiencing, and medications can have unfavorable side effects and carry risks for babies carried by mothers using the medications. A therapist can help guide the women survivors in recovery with the cognitive-behavioral techniques, yet if this is not possible, self-help books using those techniques can also help.

Judgement Day :: Free Essay Writer

Judgement Day â€Å"They’re freaks.† These words, however small, were used to abuse two young men in life, and denounce them in death. After years of inner turmoil and over twelve months of meticulous planning, 17 year old Dylan Klebold and 18 year old Eric Harris unleashed a rampage that would cause over 5 million dollars worth of damage, ruin the lives of countless people, and send the entire nation into a state of shock. April 20 1999 started out as a normal day at Columbine High School in Littleton, Colorado. The only thing that seemed out of place was a cryptic message displayed at the end of the Columbine video announcements, reading â€Å"I bet you wish you weren’t here today-4-20-4-20-4-20†. At the time, students thought nothing of it. Now, the mention of this message will send chills up the spines of students as they picture what this warning foreshadowed. At 11 AM, Dylan and Eric carried two 20-lb propane tank bombs into their school cafeteria. The plan was to have these explosives go off at 11:17, the start of the first lunch period, and send students fleeing into the parking lot, where Dylan and Eric would be waiting with guns ready. Instead, the explosives did not go off at all. The two gunmen were frustrated that their original plan had failed, and they began to arbitrarily shoot in the cafeteria, killing three. 11:27 AM. Eight minutes had passed since the first shots were fired. Dylan and Eric entered the school library. Students huddled in fear under tables. A teacher called 911 but dropped the phone. The dispatcher listened for the next nine minutes as Dylan and Eric shot round after round. The sound of the gunmen’s laughter could be heard of the steady stream of gunshots. After killing 7 students, Eric and Dylan left the library and returned to the cafeteria. The two young men fired their guns at the bombs, trying to set them off. At 11:57 the boys returned to the library. Here this tragedy will come to an end. After placing their last bomb on a table, Eric Harris pointed the gun at himself and fired. Seconds later, Fate’s vengeful eye turned on Dylan Klebold as he shot himself in the left temple, his Red Sox hat galling on Harris’ legs. Official time of death: 12:03 PM. After the deaths of Eric Harris, Dylan Klebold, and 13 victims, investigators searched the young men’s rooms.

Deconstruction of an Advertisement

COMM 10265 DECONSTRUCTING AN ADVERTISEMENT ASSIGNMENT Sexy Subaru Car Wash Sexy Subaru Car Wash Sexy Sumo Car-Wash Video. flv – YouTube Subaru puts a new Eastern satirical twist on the tradition Western sexy car wash in their advertisement for the Forrester which in place of Heidi Klum or Jessica Simpson sumo wrestlers scantily washing the new vehicle. This advertisement starts off with a dirty Forrester pulling into the car wash with seductive music playing in the background.Most audiences expect a group of supermodels in bikinis to come out and wash the car, however the elderly couple and the audience is surprised to see six sumo wrestlers come out in uniform to wash the car. The sumo wrestlers whip their rags and rub their stomachs up against the car to depict a scene of what the average sexy car wash would be like when sumo wrestlers take the place of bikini models. Give credit to Subaru for taking this substance of style approach to advertising, with the humor doing their cause no harm. What social groups is the advertisement aimed and what social groups are represented in the advertisement?This advertisement by Subaru is aimed at automobile consumers in Canada, as well as an unintentional client base which see the advertisement as an activist-like change to the way car commercials are being produced. Its humorous and non-conformist provocativeness of the ad engages a different kind of audience than the average car purchaser. There is no specific age or gender that this commercial is aimed at, and by replacing supermodels with sumo wrestlers the car is now being advertised more broadly to include women in the target market.Does the advertisement violate or reinforce social/cultural norms? By using sumo wrestlers the Japanese car company Subaru has put an eastern cultural twist to the advertisement and this contrast is meant to be satirical in nature. In traditional western advertisements particularly in the automobile industry the use of a stereotyp ical â€Å"bombshell† would be used to promote products. This is to give the impression that the sleek new product will help you attain these stereotypical man/women of your dreams.This ad violates social and cultural norms by replacing beautiful women who normally would advertise cars with sumo wrestlers, a reference to the origin of the cars manufacturer. In an article published in Motor Authority it was quoted that â€Å"Unlike the bikini-wearing models in other ads, you're not left wondering where the car is†¦If anything your eyes seek out the [car], if only for aesthetic relief. † (Lienert 2011) In this advertisement Subaru Canada is also portraying a sense of Japanese pride. Sumo wrestlers are honored in Japan and by replacing a Canadian or American supermodel with a symbol of Japanese pride, the sumo wrestler.This connects viewers with the pride of a Japanese manufactured car that the ad is trying to sell. What else is the ad selling? Subaru Canada is selli ng a new type of car advertisement which shows deviance to societal norms by changing the image of what people think is sexy. Sex sells is a long standing phrase that can be used to define the advertising industry and before this commercial was released many manufacturers marketed â€Å"sexy† car advertisements using Sports Illustrated swimsuit models or models of a similar stature.Subaru in lieu of the sexy bikini models has chosen to express their individuality by chosen a cultural representation to poke fun at traditional advertising. Subaru takes a humorous approach to the commercial, selling the attributes of the vehicle. The trend of substance over style is now more apparent as consumers are much more educated especially in regards to the auto industry. Buyers are now more likely to be concerned with mileage, service ability/availability and resale value rather than whether or not their ride can get them a date for Saturday night.Works Cited Hall, S. (2011, 11 30). Retr ieved from http://www. adrants. com/2011/11/car-brands-still-using-sex-to-sell. php Lienert, A. (2011, 02 17). Subaru lampoons supermodel ads with sexy sumo wrestlers. Retrieved from http://www. insideline. com/subaru/forester/2011/subaru-lampoons-supermodel-ads-with-sexy-sumo-wrestlers. html Norm (social) . (2012, 11 10). Retrieved from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Norm_(social) Sexy sumo car wash. (2010, 05). Retrieved from

Australian Consumer Law Tutorial Answers

A representative for Scoutmaster told Mrs. Trans that: ; â€Å"We believe the new rent is very reasonable and below the market value†; and The rent is lower than the rental paid by other tenants in the Food Court† Both statements were incorrect. Scoutmaster gave Mrs. Trans 7 days to agree to the lease renewal, but provided no reason for giving this limited time frame. Advise Mrs. Trans as to whether Scoutmaster Pity Ltd has breached the Competition and Consumer Act 2010 (previously referred to as Trade Practices Act 1974 (Act)) and if so, her available remedies.Issue: Were the statements misleading or deceptive in breach of the Australian Consumer Law? Law: ; Section 18, Schedule 2 to the Competition and Consumer Act 2010 (Act) (or alternatively you can say Section 18 Australian Consumer Law which is the title for Schedule 2) ; Section 4 (â€Å"presumption of misleading†) ; Eveready Australia Pity Ltd v Gillette Australia Pity Ltd OR Taco Company of Status Inc v T aco Bell Pity Ltd (â€Å"objective test†) Application: ; Explain which of the statements was an opinion and why the law presumes it was misleading (e was there any basis for making the opinion? ; Apply the objective test to the second statement made by the Scoutmaster representative. In particular: (what will be the target market and why would a reasonable person from that target market be misled or deceived? Issue: Did Scoutmaster engage in unconscionable conduct? ; Section 22 Australian Consumer Law ; Miller v Gunter & Ours OR Commercial Bank of Australia v Amid ; Explain why section 21 and not section 20 applies ; Explain why Scoutmasters' conduct was in trade or commerce ; Explain what the conduct was and why it was unconscionable, with reference to the factors listed in section 22 of the Australian Consumer Law.In particular: o The superior bargaining position of Scoutmaster o Ability to understand documents o Undue pressure and tactics used Issue: Did Scoutmaster make a false or misleading representation? Section Australian Consumer Law ; Explain why the statements were false regarding the price of a service, in particular noting what the relevant price is and what the service is in the question. Issue: What are the remedies? Law: Section 236 (damages); Section 232 (injunction); Section 243 (other orders) ; Explain the remedies that Mrs. Trans would be seeking as you are advising her and not the AC.In particular: o Explain what an injunction would do and why Mrs. Trans would want this remedy; o Explain when Mrs. Trans would be entitled to damages and how damages would be calculated o Explain when Mrs. Trans loud want to vary the contract and what the variation would be o Explain when Mrs. Trans would want to void the contract and what the effect of voiding the contract would be Conclusion: ; Scoutmaster has engaged in misleading and deceptive conduct, unconscionable conduct and made a false or misleading representation in respect of the price of a service.

Fire Investigation Project in Hampshire Area

Fire Investigation Project in Hampshire Area Project Aim The aim of this project is the proposed creation of a dedicated team of fire investigators within the Hampshire area. It is expected that through this initial paper, a detailed report could be created which would result in efficient and effective operations for the fire investigation team.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Fire Investigation Project in Hampshire Area specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Project Objectives The objectives of this project are as follows: Develop the necessary technology structure utilizing cost effective software so as to enable the fire investigation team to rapidly respond to structural safety concerns presented by the local citizenry. This is to be developed within the first month of the project’s inception. Determine what management practices should be present that can be utilized to create a rapid response team so as to investigate problematic areas that have bee n identified. This objective should be underway during the second month of operation after all personnel have been hired and brought up to date regarding local procedures and policies involving fire prevention. Create a crowd sourced method of fire investigation wherein people can report the source of potential fires for investigation by the fire investigation team. This crowd sourced method of investigation should be developed and implemented during the first 2 months of operation and must be functional by the third month. Create a risk management plan in order to ensure that proper procedures are followed when a hazard has been identified. After three months have passed and the proper management support practices are in place, it would be necessary to develop this particular objective. Envision what sort of community relations procedure must be present due to the importance of proper community relations in aspects related to fire hazard identification and management. This facet ca n be completed 6 months after the project’s inception once sufficient community knowledge and understanding has been developed regarding the fire investigation team. Business Case Located on the Southern Coast of England, the county of Hampshire can be considered an amalgam of the old and the new. The area has had a long maritime history and contains two of the largest ports in England, however, the area is also home to many historic landmarks and seaside resorts due to its status as the former capital city of England. It should be noted though that the sheer density of the local population (1,322,300) combined with the number of annual visitors (estimated at 7.5 million per year) has resulted in a considerable population density within some of the cities in the county with the old and new mixing together into cramped potentially disastrous combinations for fires. While the Hampshire Fire and Rescue service (established in 1948) has done an excellent job in helping to contai n the number of fires within the county, the fact remains that recent data on the number of fires within Hampshire show that 1 to 2 fires occur per month in far flung regions. Due to the amount of time it takes to identify the location of a fire and to actually get there, it is often the case that property damage has reached an absurdly high level. It is due to this that a method of fire prevention needs to be enacted wherein potential fire hazards are identified early on and dealt with before escalating into a problem where fire trucks are needed. Based on this, a team of fire investigators needs to be established within Hampshire in order to ensure that there is a means of prevention alongside current practices of Fire and Rescue Service which create a positive impact on the various regions within Hampshire County.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Should the board allocate the necessary amount of funds to bring this project about, not only will it help to reduce the amount of fires within the Hampshire region through better and more efficient fire investigation processes, but it would also help to generate greater public awareness and create the necessary policies so as to ensure that the work that the fire investigation team lives after them. This will be in the form of better social awareness and enacted policies that ensure a safe environment free from the dangers of a sudden fire. Activities One of the main problems of fire prevention within most towns, cities, and urban areas is the proper identification of potential fire hazards before they become actual fires. AsBesner Hobbs (2012) explains, the current level of population density within most urban areas has reached such an extent that properly investigating every possible area where a fire hazard is present is simply not feasible(Besner Hobbs 2012, pp. 24-46). Besner Hobbs (2 012) points to the fact that most fire and rescue services have merely 3 or 5 investigators present and they are often tasked with the determining the cause of fires and creating public service announcements or policies related to proper fire hazard prevention. They, in no way, could search an entire city or region even if the amount of personnel was increased by a factor of 10. Fire departments often depend on the calls of local citizens regarding potential fire hazards in order to properly identify them, however, such calls are few and far between which often leads to potential hazards becoming actual dangers for people and property alike. It is due to this that the proposed management system for the Hampshire Fire and Rescue service is the creation of a public crowd sourced method of fire hazard identification in order for fire investigators to follow potential leads and respond as necessary. The proposed public crowd sourced method of fire hazard investigation takes the form of a service similar to that of Ushahidi.com (which is African for witness). This service utilizes current mobile phone architecture so that local citizens can identify hotspots on a map in combination with Googles map service. Process such as these are more efficient than relying on human beings since they are not limited by human biology, rather they can be easily modified or adapted in order to perform ever more complex tasks.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Fire Investigation Project in Hampshire Area specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Such a feat is not possible with an average worker since they can neither be expected to move 10 times faster, grow 2 more heads or have 10 arms. Not only that, mobile phones are an ubiquitous aspect of many residents of Hampshire with many of them possessing smart phones that can connect to online applications. By utilizing the Ushahidi application and placing a small message reg arding the type of fire hazard present, an average citizen thus becomes an instrument that enables fire investigators to instantly know where potential fire hazards are present resulting in the creation of new policies or direct methods of intervention so as to address the problems found in the identified areas. This would result in an efficient and effective method of addressing possible fire hazards thereby reducing their occurrence within the Hampshire region. The activities for this project are as follows: Initial project inception wherein the incorporation of the investigators into the Hampshire fire and rescue department will be done. Hiring period of the fire investigators Training period for the prospective investigators Development and implementation of the crowd sourced fire investigation application. Promotion of the online application through local council initiatives as well as television and radio announcements that specifically target the Hampshire region Development of the scheduling and management system for the fire investigation team. Separating the investigation and search positions of the team on a revolving basis so as to ensure that all members of the team are familiar with the protocols and areas where reports of fires are concentrated Staffing Through the work of Patanakul Shenhar (2012), it was noted that proper staffing principles are necessary in order to ensure efficient operational procedures (Patanakul Shenhar 2012, pp. 4-20). Staffing for this management plan consists of 6 full time fire investigators whose express purpose is to shift through the accumulated data brought in by the Fire Control application. The staff for this project will be divided into the following: Supervisor a supervisor will be necessary in order to develop the rotating schedule for field investigation and the examination of data sent in via the fire investigation application. A supervisor will also be necessary in order to help steer the course of th e fire investigation so as to avoid complacency. This involves the development of the necessary metrics that all members of the team must follow so as to continue to remain a part of the unit. Prospective candidates for this position must have at least 5 years prior experience in the public administration with some experience in dealing with fire and rescue operations. Senior Fire investigator the role of a senior fire investigator is to lead those under him during search procedures on various areas within Hampshire. His/her primary purpose is to help transition the members of the fire investigation staff in to utilizing the proper safety procedures in conducting field examinations of potential fire hazards. Junior Fire Investigator Consisting of four individuals, the junior fire investigator unit is in charge of conducting field searches and examining the data of reports submitted by the general public in order to determine patterns in areas that have been labelled as fire hazard s. It is the responsibility of the unit to create an urgency list for investigations and to assist the senior fire investigator in all aspects of the investigation process. Activities of the Staff The general activities of the staff entails:Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More observing fire hazard trends within local areas, identification of potential hazards under a priority scheme where red is the highest, green is the lowest and yellow is for various levels of urgency in between. Examination of current U.K. policies surrounding fire safety, current policies that are in place in Hampshire, the current legislative environment within the surrounding regions as well as the policies that are already in place in order to deal with fire hazards. Create new policies and proposals in order to deal with fire hazard trends within specific areas of Hampshire. Advocate the implementation of various types of local legislation in order to deal with the trends in fire hazards and safety. Staff for the project will be scheduled into two distinct types of activities on a weekly basis which they will exchange every two days. This consists of the activity mentioned earlier involving the analysis of submitted reports and the development of the necessary policies to addre ss identified trends within particular areas. The second activity consists of the fire investigators physically going to locations that have been labelled as high priority in order to determine whether there is need for direct intervention to prevent a fire hazard from becoming a fire. Benefits Earlier within this paper, it has been mentioned that the breadth and width of the Hampshire area along with the continuously increasing number of tourists and residents make it difficult if not impossible for the Hampshire Fire and Rescue department to arrive early enough to prevent consideration property damage from occurring. It is based on this that by implementing a proactive means of identifying potential fire hazards early on this can help to reduce the overall number of fires that occur within Hampshire. It is estimated that on a yearly basis Hampshire actually loses 50 million pounds through fire related damage whether in urban or rural areas. By implementing a fire investigation te am, it would be possible to reduce property related damage to less than 5 million pounds and in the process save the lives of local residents. These benefits take into consideration a myriad of possibilities that may occur that would cause a fire to start. Project Costs Costs for this project would involve expenses related to hiring the 6 fire investigators, the subsequent weeks of training that would be necessary in order to get them up to speed with what the project requires as well as the promotion of the application in order to create the initial framework in the first place. It is based on this that estimated costs for this project will entail at least 1 million pounds per year. This encompasses the salary and benefits for the 6 fire investigation personnel, the maintenance costs associated with maintaining the online server for the reports of the public, utilities costs as well as various expenses related to the daily operation of the department. While it may seem that a milli on pounds is a considerable amount, when factoring in the nearly 50 million pounds in property damage within Hampshire that come about as a direct result of fire hazards, the amount of money necessary to fund the department seems downright cheap in comparison especially when factoring the potential lives that could be saved as a direct result of the projects inception. In total, the estimated cost of this project is  £ 1,200,000 with the  £ 1,000,000 being allocated for essential expenses while the  £200,000 is for possible nonessentials that the fire investigation team may need. Milestones Milestones for the company involve the following: Budget allotment and software development. This is the initial milestone needed to develop the project, it involves negotiations with Hampshire county city officials for the necessary budgetary allotment in order to hire the fire investigators as well as the purchase the necessary equipment, and pay for the daily utilities expenses necessar y to keep operations going. It is expected that this particular milestone should be one of the hardest steps given the current state of the U.K. financial system and the current budgetary restrictions local councils have to deal with. Hiring and training of the Fire Investigators. This milestone encompasses the hiring of the fire investigators necessary for the project to be put underway. The training period of the fire investigators involving local fire protection policies and strategies as well as use of the software is expected to take 3 to 4 weeks at which point the fire investigators are expected to make recommendations regarding additional types of equipment they may need in order to properly perform their job (i.e. thermal sensors, temperature gauges etc.). Development of the scheduling system. In order for the fire investigation team to properly do its job, it would be necessary to develop a scheduling system to ensure that onsite (i.e. within the offices of the investigatio n team) and offsite responses to the fire hazard reports are made. Promotion of the fire investigation team and mobile phone based report system. The fourth aspect of this project involves the promotion of the fire investigation team to the general public and releasing the fire report application through the Apple iTunes store and the Android market place as a free application. Risk Management Plan In order to retain the fire investigators, it would be necessary to develop internal policies that allow a certain degree of flexibility when it comes to scheduling, time off and the implementation of worker based strategies for improving the performance of the project as well as various insurance policies such as health and life insurance due to the possibility of death and injury while working. Possible risks associated with this particular project come in the form of: On the job dangers such as being within a building or near an area that has been reported by the general public as po ssessing a high likelihood of bursting into flames. Resentment on the part of property owners involving a search of their property by the fire investigation team due to the possible presence of a fire hazard. Various health risks related to smoke inhalation, particulates and chemical fumes that are a regular aspect of job of this particular nature. In order to resolve such risks the following solutions have been developed in order to manage them: Providing each fire investigation team with the necessary thermal and chemical detectors in order to be able to investigate an area from a reasonable enough distance to ensure their safety. Sourcing a variety of protection fire and chemical protection equipment such as flame retardant suits and gas masks to ensure that during the process of searching a property the investigation team is not exposed to potentially harmful substances. Lastly, all members of the fire investigation team will be given a special warrant backed by the local city council to be able to investigate areas that have been identified as potential fire hazards. This ensures that local property owners cannot violently (without serious repercussions) harm a member of the fire investigation team during the process of investigation. Costs Associated costs for these protective measures is estimated at 200,000 pounds and is included in the yearly operational budget. Documents Management Plan All documents will be managed in accordance with the Hampshire Fire and Rescue Service’s document management system Reference List Besner, C, Hobbs, B 2012, An Empirical Identification of Project Management Toolsets and a Comparison Among Project Types, Project Management Journal, 43, 5, pp. 24-46, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost. Matthews, R, Marzec, P 2012, Social capital, a theory for operations management: a systematic review of the evidence, International Journal Of Production Research, 50, 24, pp. 7081-7099, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost. Pat anakul, P 2013, Key Drivers of Effectiveness in Managing a Group of Multiple Projects, IEEE Transactions On Engineering Management, 60, 1, pp. 4-17, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost. Patanakul, P, Shenhar, A 2012, What project strategy really is: The fundamental building block in strategic project management, Project Management Journal, 43, 1, pp. 4-20, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost.

Shakespeares Sonnet 18 Essays - Sonnet 18, Shakespeares Sonnets

Shakespeare's Sonnet 18 Essays - Sonnet 18, Shakespeares Sonnets Shakespeare's Sonnet 18 William Shakespeares Sonnet 18 is part of a group of 126 sonnets Shakespeare wrote that are addressed to a young man of great beauty and promise. In this group of sonnets, the speaker urges the young man to marry and perpetuate his virtues through children, and warns him about the destructive power of time, age, and moral weakness. Sonnet 18 focuses on the beauty of the young man, and how beauty fades, but his beauty will not because it will be remembered by everyone who reads this poem. Shakespeare starts the poem with a metaphoric question in line one asking if he should compare the man to a summers day. This asks if he should compare the beauty of a summers day to the beauty of the young man about whom Shakespeare is writing. Line two of this poem states Thou art more lovely and more temperate. Temperate is used as a synonym for moderate by the author. In line two the speaker is describing the man as more lovely and more moderate than a summers day. This emphasizes the mans beauty and how the man is viewed by the speaker. Line three, Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, tells why the mans beauty is greater than that of a summers day. Shakespeare uses rough winds to symbolize imperfections. The speaker is implying that there are no imperfections in the young man, but there are in the summer, so the man cannot be compared to a summers day. In line four the speaker adds to this thought by saying that the summer also does not last as long as the mans beauty therefore it cannot be compared to it. Line five states another imperfection of the summer. Shakespeare uses the eye of heaven as a metaphor in this line to describe the sun. In line six Shakespeare uses the phrase gold complexion dimmed to describe the sun again which means that sometimes the sun is not hot enough, and that, as said in line five, sometimes the sun is too hot. In lines seven and eight the speaker ends the complication by describing how nature is never perfect. Line nine starts the resolution of the poem by using the conjunction but. Eternal summer in line nine is referring back to the mans eternal beauty, using summer to symbolize beauty, and saying that the mans beauty will never fail like the summers beauty. In lines ten, eleven, and twelve the speaker says that the man, When in eternal lines to time thou growst (line 12) or when he grows old, will not lose possession of what is fair to him, and Nor shall Death brag thou wanderst in his shade (line 11) or he will not be poor in health and close to dying. Lines thirteen and fourteen say that as long as this poem is read, the mans beauty will never go away, because every time someone reads the poem they will be reminded of his beauty. This poem that Shakespeare wrote, in the octave, describes how all beauty fades except for the man about whom Shakespeare is writing. The octave also tells of how great the mans beauty is compared to everything else that is beautiful. In the sestet, the poem tells about how the mans beauty stays alive and out lives all other beauty. The poem is written in iambic pentameter. Shakespeare makes use of much symbolism and many other figurative devices in this poem that contribute and emphasize to the overall theme of the poem.

Top 10 Advanced French Mistakes

Top 10 Advanced French Mistakes If you speak French at an advanced level, congratulations! You may not be fluent yet, but youre definitely on your way. Nonetheless, there are probably a few concepts you can use a bit of help with. Oftentimes these are small details that dont affect your listeners comprehension, but mistakes are mistakes and if you want to be fluent you need to avoid them. Here are the ten most common French mistakes and difficulties for advanced speakers, with links to lessons. Rhythm Pronunciation-wise, one of the last things most French students master is the rhythm of French. In many languages, words and sentences have stressed syllables, but French does not. It can be very difficult to get the hang of giving each syllable the same stress when ones own language is so different, especially when trying to stress the importance of a particular word. Understanding French rhythm is the first step to being able to mimic it. vs. De The prepositions and de cause endless problems for French students because they are used in similar constructions to mean different things. De, du, de la, or des? Another pitfall for advanced French speakers has to do with the preposition de and the indefinite and partitive articles. French teachers commonly receive questions about whether a given phrase should be followed by de or by du, de la, or des. Verbs with Prepositions In English, many verbs require a certain preposition in order for the meaning of the verb to be complete, such as to look at and to listen to. The same is true in French, but the prepositions  required for French verbs are often not the same as the ones required by their English counterparts. In addition, some verbs that require a preposition in English dont take one in French, and vice versa. It all boils down to memorizing verbs with their prepositions. Cest vs. Il est The expressions cest and il est are often confused. Like and de, above, cest and il est have strict rules on usage- they may mean something similar, but their usage is quite distinct. Le  facultatif As an advanced French speaker, you should be very familiar with  le  as  a  definite article  and  direct object pronoun. What you may not know is that there are two optional uses of  le. The  neuter object pronoun  le  is  an optional, formal construction found most commonly in written French, and  l  is sometimes used in front of  on  to increase euphony in French. Indefinite French I find that one of the hardest things to translate into another language is indefiniteness, such as anyone, something, everywhere, all the time. This index includes links to lessons on every kind of indefiniteness, from  indefinite adjectives  to the  indefinite subject pronoun  on.​ Impersonal French Grammatically speaking,  impersonal  refers to words or structures which are invariable; that is, they do not specify a grammatical person. This is, like indefiniteness, a fairly difficult concept for many students of French. Reflexive vs.  Object Pronouns Reflexive pronouns  are used with  pronominal verbs, while object pronouns are used with  transitive verbs, and they have very different purposes. Yet they cause problems for many students due to the issue of  agreement  with pronouns that precede a compound verb. Before you worry about  agreement, though, you need to be sure you understand the difference between reflexive and direct object pronouns- how to use them, separately and together. Agreement I can almost guarantee that you have trouble with some aspect of  agreement,  because even native speakers have trouble with it sometimes! There are numerous types of agreement, but the most difficult tend to be agreement with direct objects that precede compound verbs and with pronominal verbs.

Research proposal for female and management positions Essay

Research proposal for female and management positions - Essay Example About 30% of women in government positions are in decision making positions. Even though the women’s enrolment in institutions of higher learning is on the increase, the same has not been replicated in their participation in economic matters (McCrohan & Preiss, 2006). Their participation in economic affairs has increased by less than 7% since the year 1985 as compared to their enrolment in tertiary institutions, which has grown by more than 40% since the 1970’s. Worldwide studies have additionally revealed that women participation within the UAE in economic activities is extremely low when compared to their counterparts in other participating countries. This is in reference to businesses that are starting and established business activities. In contrast, the men in the UAE are over twenty times more involved in young businesses that are starting up (Erogul & McCrohan, 2007). Literature Review Previous literature within the country contains limited research on the women leaders found in the UAE just like outside researches, which also do not have much on them. The research previously has done on women focuses on women leaders in the US economy. However, there is little comparison with other women managers around the globe. Therefore, there is  a great need for carrying out research on the distinctive roles that women play in the economy. This will be done so as to enable conceptualization and validation of their unique roles. Some little research can however be found concerning the factors which support the leaders among women in their professions. They include parental supports especially their fathers, socialization within their families along with spousal support (Moore, 2007). Most of the previous research focuses on the support they get from their families. Little information can be found on the conditions at their places of work that facilitate the advancements in their careers. The previous research also dwells on the challenges that women encounter in advancing their leadership in business. The experiences of women leaders in the region have been documented based on their Islamic faiths. In contrast, women in countries such as France and Denmark with children aged go to work. This is enabled by the availability of pre-primary child care that is offered in schools (The Times, 1990). The current research shows there is a need to facilitate the conceptualization and qualitative validation of the differences among women and their separate experiences. The UAE is on record as being the best within the region in terms of treating her women. In addition, present research indicates that 10% of the managerial posts in the world of Arabs are usually held by their women. The changing of the traditional perceptions of a woman’s place is a slow process within the UAE (Erogul & McCrohan, 2007). Research Question †¢ Does insufficient self confidence, family conflicts, long working and stereotyping among women within th e UAE affect the participation in leadership positions in businesses? Theoretical Framework The dependent variable in the research is the participation of women in leadership positions in business within the UAE. It will be explained by the following independent variables: insufficient self confidence, family conflicts, long working hours and stereotyping. Women usually lack confidence because of their place within the society as stipulated by Islam. Their lack of self confidence is also attributable to the family conflicts that occur in their lives. Women within the region are often

Projections of Body Shop Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Projections of Body Shop - Essay Example Income Statement 2002(GBP) 2002(% sales) 2003(GBP) 2003(% sales) 2004(GBP) 2004(% Sales) Turnover 413.1 100 428.5 100 442.6 100 Cost of Sales 158.3 39 168.1 39.2 182.3 39.2 Gross Profit 254.8 61 260.4 60.3 260.3 58.8 Operating Expenses excluding exceptional costs 209.3 45.4 228.1 46.1 239.7 42.3 exceptional costs 0 0 0 0 0 0 restructuring costs 0 0 0 0 0 0 Net interest expense 0.9 0 1.8 1.5 2.3 1.9 Profit Before Tax 4.1 5.3 16.44 4.1 15.5 2.9 Tax Expense 10 4.2 7.8 5.7 2.1 0.88 Profit(loss) after tax 2.1 3.8 13.2 7.1 6.1 3.7 Ordinary dividends 14 5 18 4.1 11 4.1 Profit ( loss retained) 19 4.7 8.1 7.4 3.2 4.1 Income Statement 2005(GBP) 2005(% sales) 2006(GBP) 2006(% sales) Turnover 479.2 100 502.8 100 Cost of Sales 208.1 43 238.6 47.45 Gross Profit 271.1 57 264.2 52.65 Operating Expenses excluding exceptional costs 242.1 47.1 267.2 50.3 exceptional costs 0 0 0 0 restructuring costs 0 0 0 0 Net interest expense 1.1 0 0 1.8 Profit Before Tax 2.9 3.1 7.3 9.2 Tax Expense 2.7 3.1 19.1 10.7 Profit(loss) after tax 5.1 6.2 9.8 7.1 Ordinary dividends 7.3 6.8 9.9 5.1 Profit ( loss retained) 14.1 9.1 6.2 8.2 A brief analysis of the historical data reveals that Financially The Body Shop is on a sound footing financially and was so until the purchase by L'Oreal. There is a healthy growth in the Turnover averaging around 8%. The cost of sales rarely exceed 40% leaving a fairly healthy margin to work with. That margin is again reflected in the fact that the gross profit is consistently around the 60% mark. And except during a couple of years where there were exceptional costs and restructuring costs , there is a healthy profit before tax. Hence the decision to delist body Shop ( an automatic event on... Body Shop is in a unique position of not having to market itself in the conventional sense because of it’s strong customer base. It has a strong following   of loyal customers , because among others , it’s percieved social values. The political issues which it has attached itself include being 100% vegetarian and not use animal testing. Using Environmentally Friendly products and champion other social causes like AIDS. Even Anita Roddick , on her deathbed ( she died recently of Hepatitis C) was actively campaigning   A recent stockholder survey   revealed what the stock holders think.   Some of the responses were â€Å"The way that the Body Shop strives to produce open, honest and fair annual report and accounts and interim reports, and manages to send them out to shareholders reasonably promptly.† â€Å"Would not like the Body Shop to stop its social audit. In fact would like more info in audit.†Ã‚   â€Å"Asking for opinions, such as this.† â€Å"The format of the Annual Report.† â€Å"Keep the campaigning and values but improve the marketing. No more paperwork than at present.†Ã‚   â€Å"Thank you for not producing huge, glossy reports – a waste of paper and always a sign of desperation†In other words the group of people who are Body shop shareholders are from the same set of people who are it’s customers. It has a unique market which is very strong.The weaknesses which maybe exposed now , because of the the purchase of the Company by Loreal is that all key decisions and strategy were centered around Anita and Gordon Roddick.

NOGO Railroad Case Analysys Form Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

NOGO Railroad Case Analysys Form - Essay Example Dave is wary of Allen’s intentions and is torn between making the required changes and not making those changes. However, the situation is not new to NOGO Railways as it has struggled with the same issues (highlighted later) since its inception. It is only that Dave has now been promoted to such a position where he must address the problems encountered. 2. Problem NOGO Railways faces a myriad of problems which can best be separated as surface-level problems and deeper or micro problems. At the macro level, the company faces an outdated and ill designed system of organizational policies and practices, thereby reflecting a poor HR system. This is the backbone of all other problems such as high debt and resistance to change. Owing to faulty (and biased) recruitment practices, productivity has been low and unnecessary positions have been created for the sake of compensating family and relatives. One such example is that of Fireman’s position whose only task was to take char ge of the engine in the event of assistance required by the engineer (Brown). The major problems facing Dave (and the company) are that employee expenses have been on a rise and that there was friction amongst NOGO’s employees with respect to change management. Next, it is important to analyze the micro level issues that NOGO is faced with. One of these is featherbedding which is defined as the practice of restricting output of work so as to create more jobs and reduce the chances of unemployment. Another problem pertained to the absence of a formal, structured recruitment process that objectively selected candidates with the right ‘fit’ for the job. These faulty hiring procedures gave way to favoritism. This meant that employees whom Dave worked with were related to each other in some way as spouses, children, brothers or cousins. This practice tends to create a disconnected workforce with ties based on their relations and not work. 3. Causes The presence of a u nionized workforce meant that the union acted as a resistance to any changes implemented by the management. This was clearly causing resistance to change which was one of the macro-level problems confronting NOGO. The union terms were guaranteeing complacency and minimizing worker efficiency owing to a contract that workers would get pay for 40 hours of work even if there was no availability of such work (Brown). These contract terms (as settled by the unions) meant that NOGO was covering the living expenses of their away-from-home, overtime employees as well as duplication of tasks such that clerks would have no task to carry out in the presence of telegraph operators. Furthermore, the union as well as improperly crafted contracts provided workers unnecessary cushion of refusing to do a task just because it wasn’t part of their job description. This was directly contributing to the high employee expenses which, again, was one of the major problems facing NOGO. Furthermore, t he lack of HR planning and strategy was at the backbone of a host of problems encountered by the company. For one thing, the lack of HR planning led to overstaffing leading to greater number of employees being hired than was necessary. This bred â€Å"featherbedding†. The employee contract was not designed appropriately with conditions such as prohibition of women clerks to work directly with train and radio communication personnel reducing the

BHS 400 STRESS MANAGEMENT (Module 5 SLP) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

BHS 400 STRESS MANAGEMENT (Module 5 SLP) - Essay Example Good psychological adjustment to the situation and realization of inner capabilities would help to develop stress resistance. The diverse approaches of effective coping and stress management can be broadly classified into three Categories: Cognitive (Thought) Or Re-Framing Strategies and Emotion-Based Strategies (Feeling) are palliative tactics which are conceptualized to control emotional disturbances and distress. Action-Based Strategies falls under the Instrumental or problem focused approaches. Action-Based Strategies are directed towards changing stressed environment or adapt oneself to the situation to avoid the stress effectively (Koslowsky, Kluger, & Reich, 1995, p. 129, 130). The person starts blaming himself/herself for the negative consequence. The illogical thinking includes catastrophizing (exaggeration of harmful effect), personalizing (holding responsible for negative outcome), all-or-nothing thinking (feeling of losing always), overgeneralizing (fixing oneself to unpleasant endless pattern), and mental filtering (ignoring good part). (Tuller, Jan 22, 2002). Cognitive strategy is basically dealing with alteration of a thought process. Person is made to rethink the perception about the situation that made him upset. Basic assumptions about certain event is strategically changed or reframed to reduce negative outcome of the event. This might involve restructuring of words to change their meanings about worrisome event. The bothersome unnecessary thoughts are displaced by good and pleasing thoughts. This optimistic interpretation would help to sound and feel more pleasant about the same situation. The stressed individual should edit the situation by d eleting the undesirable aspects in mental process, and make the condition more favorable (Pargman, 2006, p. 145). Reducing of thought errors is a difficult,

Similarities and differences between japan's keiretsu and south Essay

Similarities and differences between japan's keiretsu and south korea's chaebol - Essay Example These enterprises were established by the Meiji government in the late nineteenth century, as a way to invigorate Japan’s industrialization. Therefore, the main reason for the formation of these business enterprises was to respond to failures in the market. Companies owned by these zaibatsu’s were vertically organized and owned by families and sometimes, holding companies. According to Rosati (1993), trading companies and banks were the most powerful industries among the zaibatsu. This is because they controlled the distribution of goods and operations among the zaibatsu’s. The zaibatsu were abolished at the end of the Second World War by the Allied Occupation Forces, when their shares were allocated to the Japanese public, in order to promote competition and equality. Rosati points out that â€Å"during this period, however, the private sector had little funding capacity, and corporations among themselves unable to raise the capital they needed† (1993, p. 85). It was during this time that the practice of raising funds through loans from banks was embraced. Due to the low prices of shares and accumulation of capital in the private sector, corporations were exposed to acquisitions. This was further compounded by the fact that the stock owning capacity of banks was limited by the 1947 Antimonopoly Act (Rosati, 1993). Consequently, corporations had to invest somewhat equal amounts of capital among themselves to create stability among shareholders although there was no physical exchange of the money. In the 1960s, Japan joined the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and this led to a relaxation of capital transaction policies by the government. Since the owners of the corporations feared being taken over by foreign investors, they conducted cross ownership that brought back the links that had existed among zaibatsu groups prior to the Second World War and this led to the formation of Keiretsu groups. Keiretsu gro ups were very significant in rejuvenating the economy of Japan after the Second World War. Small industries in Japan were able to develop, despite the fact that Japan’s economy was detached for the world markets and highly monitored. Examples of keiretsus include Mitsui and Mitsubishi. South Korea's Chaebols: Origins and Features Chaebols were established by the Japanese colonial rule in Korea during the 1920s and 1930s. In fact, Korea’s Chaebols were formed in a similar way to the Japanese keiretsus. The main reason for the establishment of Chaebols was so that Japan could benefit from Korea’s economic development. The establishment of chaebols began when Japan set up privately owned businesses in Korea, but strictly controlled business procedures, license applications, and credit. Japanese rule in Korea eventually came to an end, and this gave the Korean’s freedom to adjust the business procedures and processes of the Chaebols. Dubois (2004) points out that â€Å"the effort was coordinated by president Park Chung Hee, the president of South Korea from 1961 until his assassination in 1976† (p. 42). Under the concept of chaebols, conglomerates usually controlled by a family were formed under a sole holding company. Each company held another company’s shares and through this, they were all interlinked. The chaebols however had no financial institutions and this required financial support from the government, since South Korea’s banks are joined together and controlled by the government.

Parenting And Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Parenting And Education - Essay Example My Mother’s frequent visits affirmed her love for us and encouraged us to excel at academics. During the vacations, my aunts sometimes contributed to our care during my Mother’s regular business trips, but I am aware that it was my Mother who raised us single-handedly, and with several sacrifices on her part. My Mother was not as fortunate as we have been. Her separation from her parents at a very young age, due to compelling economic factors, persisted throughout her life. My maternal grandparents were poor traders in Ghana, who did not have the means to support their children. As their poor livelihood did not permit them to educate my Mother, she was sent to live in her uncle’s home. This uncle saw her through school, and then my Mother secured a scholarship which enabled her to pay her way through college and secure her Bachelor’s degree in Art. My Mother met and married my father in her late thirties, while on a short visit to the United States, and he r parents passed away before the birth of my eldest brother. As such, my Mother is very much a self-educated and self-made woman. When I consider the differences in the manner in which my Mother secured her education and the way in which she supported us through our academic careers, I never cease to marvel at her strength of purpose and her clear perspective on what she wanted for us. My Mother was determined not to let economic factors or the nature of her occupation compel her to send us away to grow up in the homes of relatives.

Similarities and differences between japan's keiretsu and south Essay

Similarities and differences between japan's keiretsu and south korea's chaebol - Essay Example These enterprises were established by the Meiji government in the late nineteenth century, as a way to invigorate Japan’s industrialization. Therefore, the main reason for the formation of these business enterprises was to respond to failures in the market. Companies owned by these zaibatsu’s were vertically organized and owned by families and sometimes, holding companies. According to Rosati (1993), trading companies and banks were the most powerful industries among the zaibatsu. This is because they controlled the distribution of goods and operations among the zaibatsu’s. The zaibatsu were abolished at the end of the Second World War by the Allied Occupation Forces, when their shares were allocated to the Japanese public, in order to promote competition and equality. Rosati points out that â€Å"during this period, however, the private sector had little funding capacity, and corporations among themselves unable to raise the capital they needed† (1993, p. 85). It was during this time that the practice of raising funds through loans from banks was embraced. Due to the low prices of shares and accumulation of capital in the private sector, corporations were exposed to acquisitions. This was further compounded by the fact that the stock owning capacity of banks was limited by the 1947 Antimonopoly Act (Rosati, 1993). Consequently, corporations had to invest somewhat equal amounts of capital among themselves to create stability among shareholders although there was no physical exchange of the money. In the 1960s, Japan joined the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and this led to a relaxation of capital transaction policies by the government. Since the owners of the corporations feared being taken over by foreign investors, they conducted cross ownership that brought back the links that had existed among zaibatsu groups prior to the Second World War and this led to the formation of Keiretsu groups. Keiretsu gro ups were very significant in rejuvenating the economy of Japan after the Second World War. Small industries in Japan were able to develop, despite the fact that Japan’s economy was detached for the world markets and highly monitored. Examples of keiretsus include Mitsui and Mitsubishi. South Korea's Chaebols: Origins and Features Chaebols were established by the Japanese colonial rule in Korea during the 1920s and 1930s. In fact, Korea’s Chaebols were formed in a similar way to the Japanese keiretsus. The main reason for the establishment of Chaebols was so that Japan could benefit from Korea’s economic development. The establishment of chaebols began when Japan set up privately owned businesses in Korea, but strictly controlled business procedures, license applications, and credit. Japanese rule in Korea eventually came to an end, and this gave the Korean’s freedom to adjust the business procedures and processes of the Chaebols. Dubois (2004) points out that â€Å"the effort was coordinated by president Park Chung Hee, the president of South Korea from 1961 until his assassination in 1976† (p. 42). Under the concept of chaebols, conglomerates usually controlled by a family were formed under a sole holding company. Each company held another company’s shares and through this, they were all interlinked. The chaebols however had no financial institutions and this required financial support from the government, since South Korea’s banks are joined together and controlled by the government.

Advantages of Video Games Essay Example for Free

Advantages of Video Games Essay Video games are a favorite past time for kids and adults as well. Video game is gaining popularity by the day. Studies reveal that computer and video games play a vital role in healing and convalescing. Studies also show that the excitement of video games makes playing them addictive. They are not just for entertainment alone, they can aid in education as well. Playing active video games may stop children from becoming obese. Good-quality video games can provide fun and social form of entertainment. They can encourage teamwork and cooperation when played with others. It increases childrens self-confidence and self-esteem as they master games. It develops skills in reading, math, and problem-solving. Playing high-quality video games enhances and boosts the performance of the children. Likewise continuous exposure to violent games can make children aggressive. Now, the gaming industry has begun producing active ‘entertainment’ gaming systems. The world is going berserk over the wide range of video and computer games that are developed and sold everyday. If you are a game freak then there are comprehensive collections of game portals. While some are downloadable at free of cost, others are not. Most of the highly interactive games are available for purchase. However if you are looking for cheap or discounted prices then coupons are the best way to avail such offers. There is a site that offers coupons and coupon codes from different merchants related to video games. When you visit the site you will find different stores from which you can choose and select the store that interests you and click on the site to get coupons directly from the merchants. The coupons are updated regularly. There are several major gaming online stores on this site. Therefore you need not search for different websites for game downloads. You can save time by just visiting this site and get all that you need instantly. There is a lot to save from the coupons that the site offers. You can get great bargain of almost up to 50% off. This would increase your savings and enables you to get additional fun in other form. There are fabulous special discount sale events that take place very often. Thus there are best deals always. Check for coupons and discounts regularly and take advantage of them. There are special exciting gaming packages for kids that are meant not just for fun but also help in form of educating them.

The Employee Selection System In The Hospitality Industry Tourism Essay

The Employee Selection System In The Hospitality Industry Tourism Essay In the hospitality industry, there are many departments in the organizations of hotels and other lodging establishments. Every department plays a different role in accommodating to the needs and demands of the guests and this include the human resource department. Although the human resource department is not directly involved in serving the guests in the hotel, this department is essential in ensuring that the service industry is consisted of reliable and experienced employees. Being an industry that is very labour-intensive, every individual that is being hired must meet the specifications of the job and it is the duty of human resource department to choose the right people for the right job. Human resource generally means people who are comprised in the workforce of an organization. For organizations like hotels, human resources are an important asset because it is them who keep the organizations running by providing services for the guests. The operation of hospitality establishments such as lodging establishments cannot work without employees. The human resource department is therefore set up to facilitate the hotel in the role of staffing, training and helping the organization in managing the people in order to achieve a maximum capability in the workforce, subsequently, fulfilling goals and missions of the hotel. The human resource department is responsible for the following tasks. Understanding and relating to employees as individuals, thus identifying individual needs and career goals Developing a positive interaction between employees in order to ensure collated and constructed enterprise productivity as well as development of a uniform organization culture Recruiting and required the employees and making provisions for expressed and promised payroll and other benefits Innovating new operating practices to minimise risk and generate an overall sense of belonging and accountability Identifying the areas which the employees have lack of knowledge and experience in and then provide a training programme to remedy the weaknesses in the forms of workshops and seminars Implementing resource strategies to create and sustain competitive advantage. Furthermore, the human resource department is also responsible for preparing the manpower budget and the list of backups at certain levels. For example, a well functioned human resource department will always plan for future situations by analysing the current market job to see how the rate of employee switching is going in the hospitality industry. This rate is different in every sector, with the lodging industry having the highest rate when compared with the other industries. Therefore, the employees in the department will always keep a look out for any gaps that requires them to get substitutes for positions in the hotel by preparing contingency plans and backups which are assessed to maintain the hierarchy of the organization. The management in the human resource department faces a challenge when recruiting members to join the organizations, the higher the challenge still if it is in the case of hiring for the lodging industry. The lodging industry as its name suggests is simply known to the public as hotels, motels and other establishments which provide services such as lodging and lodging with meals. Being a labour-intensive industry, the employees are essential for the operation of the organizations. Therefore, the prospects for employment in the lodging industry are very high and employees are easily attainable in the labour market. However, as the labour market gets smaller when more people are getting hired in the lodging industry as well as other industries, the rate of turnover in the lodging industry has begun to rise higher. The high turnover rate in the lodging industry has impacted the growth of the service sector. According to Kenneth and Berger (1994), the turnover in the hospitality industry has been shown to be incredibly high, averaging up to 200 to 300 percent annually. This high turnover rate not only affects developing countries like Malaysia, but also for developed countries like the USA, where the employee turnover rates are more than 100% in food and beverage outlets. What are the reasons behind the high turnover rates of employees in the lodging industry? There are various reasons of why the percentage of turnover among employees in the lodging industry is higher compared to other industries. In the next few chapters, the reasons of the relatively high turnover rate will be explained. Chapter 2: Quality of the Employee Selection System and Leadership For every establishment, the most important thing for the organization is to choose the right people for the right job. The employees of the hotel are the backbone of the organization. If they are not meticulously chosen by the human resource department and subsequently hiring the wrong people for the wrong job specifications, the reputation of the hotel will be tarnished when the customers judge the service standard of the hotel based on the employees. On top of that, a bad employment system is one of the major reasons of employee turnover in the lodging industry. More often than not, the applicants for lower position jobs in the lodging industry are usually young and inexperienced. It is not right to assume that the lower levels in the hierarchy of an organization is less important and therefore, simply selecting any applicant from the list will fit the job perfectly. If an individual with little passion in the lodging industry seeks the job just for the sake of getting a job but appears to be keen and enthusiastic during the interview, this might be able to fool the human resource department into hiring him, thinking he is the best candidate for the applied position. This shows that the employee selection system is poor in quality as the employees are not thoroughly examined before hiring them. It is easy to see that an uninterested employee who has no passion for the hospitality industry will not stay for long in his position. Without a genuine love for the profession as well as the desire to excel as a hotelier, there is no forms of motivations that can help the employee to stay working in the lodging establishment. Sooner or later, the employee will aspire for a better work-life balance, a faster career growth or even a growing desire to stop working in the department where the managers are not the least concern about his well being, for example. Consequently, he will resign from his position after a few months due to boredom or a bad relationship with their superiors. The cycle continues as the human resource department continues to hire applicants without meticulously examining them and assign them to jobs that do not suit them properly and then have to result to terminate them or a receive a resignation from them when they do not perform as well as expected by the dep artment. Besides, the other main reason why the turnover is high in lodging industry is that the quality of leadership in the establishment. Not every individual is designed to fit well in the culture and the regulations of a property especially the likes of a hotel. Besides, the lodging industry is one industry that practices the culture that foster dependence which requires the employees to follow a chain of command which requires the lower level employees to report to their own direct superiors respectively. It is impossible for hotels to have a perfectly high standard of leadership qualities and therefore, not all the leaders or supervisors are good managers to their subordinates or owning the ability to lead the teams in the various departments in the hotel. The disability to lead or motivate the employees as their supervisors can bring about a negative impact on the employees and as a result, they become more and more dissatisfied with the way they are being treated by their superiors. For example, an employee who has an emergency to leave early from work and the supervisor disallows him from doing so and forces him to stay till the end of the shift without considering the reason behind the permission of early dismissal. What will the employee feel having to work under a supervisor who could not care less the well being of the subordinates? The employee will be discouraged and begins to consider about leaving the organization for other job opportunities where they might be able to work under a better leadership. It does not mean that being strict towards the employee is a good leadership quality. A leader must not only be strict to employees but at the same time, needs to demonstrate an example to be followed by the employees. If the way the supervisors lead does not bring about motivation at the workplace, it is no wonder that the turnover rate of the employees is so high because almost no one is able to work under a management that is stressful or filled with negativity, for example, employees are often being scolded for trivial mistakes with no hint of encouragement to strive for improvement especially during the rush hour in the lodging establishment. Thus, the same position keeps changing employee and this increases the employee turnover percentage due to poor quality of leadership. Chapter 3: Working Environment and Work Specification The working environment is considered as the workplace and its surroundings. This factor is one that most employees place priority on, ensuring that the job that they doing provides a conducive environment that will enable them to work happily and efficiently. In the lodging industry, the working environment is defined as a place where there is constant contact with guests and it is of utmost importance for the employees to present themselves well at all times. The working environment does not only include the physical workplace which can be seen by all, for example, sitting at the reception but it also involves the figurative part, which is the environment that involves acknowledging the presence of guests day in and day out of the shift (working hours). Suffice to say, the guests are a part of the working environment in the lodging industry. The working environment in the lodging establishment is another reason of the high turnover rate of employees because this industry is one that requires employees to have a high level of patience and a good stress management due to its occupation nature. Having to face guests all the time and if the guests are demanding, they still need to meet the demands of the guests no matter how tired they are. One can only last for so long working in such a stressful environment while at the same time is forced to put on a smile for each and every guest who walks into the establishment. Besides, the working environment in the lodging establishments also includes their supervisors or co-workers who make pressure more intense in the workplace. The hospitality industry is such a challenging field that not everyone will make it as their permanent profession. Majority of the employees who work in hotels are either school leavers or part-timers who lack the courage to or perseverance to keep pursuing the career in this area, hence, they change jobs as soon as they can find a working environment that is less stressful and gives them more time to relax. Furthermore, the work specification is also the reason of the high employee turnover in the lodging industry. The shifts in a regular lodging establishment are divided into three shifts morning, afternoon and midnight shifts; consisting of about eight or more hours per shift. Sometimes the employees need to work more than the regular eight hours when there is a shortage of employees in the department. Sometimes, employees are assigned the midnight shift, also known as the graveyard shift in the hospitality context and stay on duty till the next morning. Every shift is important because the guests may check in at any time of the day. The lodging industry cannot expect all the guests to check in only in the afternoon because some guests for example, just got down from a flight and need lodging for the night. On top of that, the work in the lodging industry requires a lot of physical activities which tires the employees easily. Therefore, employees who cannot take the pressure or fatigu e will resign or be terminated for lack of competency in the job which leaves the position vacant for another employee who most likely will do the same thing. The irregularity of working hours in the long term is not the kind of profession which many people like as they tend to prefer stable working hours, such as office hours. Furthermore, the work specification in the lodging establishment, especially in the food and beverage department, requires the employees to stand for a long period of time which is something that needs endurance on the part of the employees. The high turnover of employees occurs in the lodging industry because not all of the ones hired have the aspiration to be hoteliers and therefore, the work specification does not meet their criteria of a job selection. This is one reason why they leave shortly after working for a considerable brief period of time. Therefore, the working environment and the specifications of the various positions in the lodging establishment is an important element which determines how long the employees can work in the industry. The lodging industry is very labour-oriented which results in high demand of employees. However, the ones who are ready to accept the job opportunities offered by this industry are more likely to change their job environment when they feel that the irregularity working hours in the hotel environment is no longer what they prefer to continue to do, so they need to venture into other career line that is appealing to them. Chapter 4: Salary and Low Job Satisfaction For every industry, the purpose employees choose to work is to earn a decent salary to support oneself or even a family. The career is the source of income and therefore, salary has become another reason of why the turnover of employees is extremely high especially in the lodging industry. Being an industry that caters to the need of customers, guests in the hospitality context, the lodging establishments has a mission to provide guests with the best services even though if it means to hire more employees to facilitate the management to fulfil this goal. The number of employees working in the lodging industry is high especially in the lower levels such as front desk representative and the salary for such positions is always deemed to be low in terms lodging industry workers work harder and longer hours compared with the employees from other industries who have fixed working hours and a considerable low level of stress. For example, the front desk representative earns an average of $2 0,000 per year, referencing from a statistic in United States in February 2010. Furthermore, some employees who are desperate for a job will work for a short duration of time in the lodging industry and at the same time, scouting for jobs outside the industry which offers higher pay and shorter working hours. Most employees use the lodging industry as a stepping stone in order to achieve a better position somewhere which is not so dependent on guests as well as too much reliance on commission-like pay. Therefore, when they could not accept the same salary for the amount of work that they do, they decide to leave. The scenario repeats when the next employee who comes to replace the previous employee has the same vision of treating the current job as a temporary solution before he can find a higher paid job soon. The reason why most employees leave the lodging industry after working for a short time is because they are not satisfied with the wages that is paid by the hotel as they think they deserved to receive a higher salary for the worth of the work that they d o every day, especially the irregularity in the time shift as explained in the previous chapter. Many of the employees who are working in the lodging establishments do not have the opportunity to express their creativity and intellectual development as the job requirements in the hotel follow a standard operating procedure to synchronise the work among the employees. Therefore, the employees feel that what they have to offer to the industry is very limited as they cannot express their potential to the maximum, something which can make them stand out from other employees. However, the lodging industry places importance on teamwork and individualism is rarely practised in the lower level of management whereby the employee is given a full responsibility in a certain task. The satisfaction level of employees upon the job is slowly decreasing as they begin to feel bored with the tough routine of serving the guests every day without any chances to be valued by the management. Besides, a low job satisfaction happens when the employees feel that they are being taken advantage of which t hey are obligated to work extra hours at times to cover the insufficiency of manpower during peak seasons with extra minimal wages. As a result, more negative emotions surface such as feeling of undervalued, helpless or unimportant. Employees seek satisfaction in their career and when they fail to achieve it in the lodging industry, they will begin to wonder if they are not well suited for the service area, therefore, leaving the industry altogether. On top of that, employees desire to attain benefits from their workplace. These benefits are not necessarily in the monetary sense but they also include the appreciation by the organization such as a raise in salary or extra days off in the week. However, it is not possible for the establishments in the lodging industry to reward employees by giving extra days off when industry is so labour-intensive which means, they need all the employees they can to serve the guests who steps into the establishment all the time. Chapter 5: Impact of New Technology on Skill Requirements The technology era has made a major difference globally including the lodging industry. The information and communication technology (ICT) system integrate the power of the Internet, the customer relationship management and also the supply chain management in a directly seamless, one-source direction site which allows all kinds of operations to be performed with one user friendly tool. The types of operations that can be performed are such as making reservations, storing of guestsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ data, tracking as well as payment and reporting from one department to the other. For example, the guests can now reserve rooms from the comfort of their home without having to contact the hotel personnel to make reservations. By cutting out one or two stages of reservation in the system of the lodging establishment like hotels, it gives a great impact on the employment of the human resource department. This is because with the advancement of technology, certain tasks that have been operated manually by the employees in the lodging establishments such as helping the guest to make reservation has now been replaced with the Internet. This is where the reason of the high turnover of employee comes in. In order to maintain the personal touch that the guests love to experience when they contact the hotel, the management still hires employees to collaborate with the automated functions that has made the procedures in the hotel much simpler than before. Therefore, the employees who are not competent enough to handle the change that has replaced the old system are replaced with employees that have the different levels of skills which complement the job specifications. On the surface, the management might see this as a solution to replace old employees who lack in skill compared to the new employees. However, the turnover of employees continues to be high in percentage as the technology is always evolving so fast the knowledge that the current employees have becomes obsolete ever more quickly. The training of employees to operate in the lodging industry has become a continuous need meanwhile the remaining jobs require employees of greater skills than before. As a result, the human resource has to keep hiring new employees who are better in operating the new systems in the hotel. This reason used to be the least problem to the lodging industry in the earlier years but now, as globalisation continues to develop, the industry must keep up to the up-to-date systems and hire the right people to operate them, such as hoteliers who are at the same time comfortable with new systems and are flexible to adapt to new changes, a challenge that is continually f orcing the turnover of employees to remain higher than the other industries which are not so labour-intensive. Chapter 6: Conclusion The lodging industry is such a challenging industry because it requires a lot of employees to make the system functional. The job opportunities that is presented in this industry is so vast that many people are willing to apply for a position within the industry for various reasons but most of the employments do not last long because of the reasons that have been explained in the previous chapters. The first reason of why the employee turnover is exceptionally high in the lodging industry is because of the poor quality of employee selection system and the leadership practised in the organization. The human resource department has the task of selecting the right people to do the right job. If the employees are not screened properly, there is a higher probability that the individuals assigned to the position are not up to the job, subsequently, cannot handle the work and has to be replaced with better employees who have experience in the lodging industry. The leadership of the lodging industry also affects the turnover of employees. A leader who cannot cooperate with his subordinates or give a proper guidance to train them to perform better at work will also cause the high turnover in employees because employees always seek to work under good leadership that will enable them to learn new things about the industry. Furthermore, the working environment and the job specification are another reason of the high employee turnover in lodging industry. The hustle bustle in the hotel, having to meet guests all the time with a pleasant appearance can be a challenging job as no matter how tired an employee is, he must not display it upfront to maintain the service level towards the guests. The long working hours is also another cause of the high employee turnover as well as the irregularity of working hours that causes employees to encounter fatigue due to the different shifts they are assigned to. On top of that, the salary and low job satisfaction has become another cause of high employee turnover in the lodging industry. Employees will leave when they realise that the amount of work they do are not being appreciated when their pay is lower compared with other industries which offer higher pay for lesser amount of work. The job satisfaction then decreases further when employees have fewer opportunities to express their creativity and intellect since the lodging industry has their own standard operating procedures to keep everything synchronised for the guests. The last reason for the turnover of employees is the impact of the new technology on skill requirements. Technology has been advancing at an incredible speed and there are far easier ways to operate things in the lodging industry. The tasks that have been done manually in the past are now able to be done using new software that can be assimilated in the reservation procedures as well as the storing of guestsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ data. The employees who are resistant to these changes have to be replaced with newer employees who are more technologically inclined as their new skills are needed to be incorporated with the technology used in the hotel. As the technology advances on, the turnover of employees begin to remain high in percentage as more new skills are required to replace the old in order for the lodging industry to function at its best to serve its guests.