EVALUATION OF PLAY IN DESIGN FOR BEHAVIORAL CHANGE Essay

Assessment OF PLAY IN DESIGN FOR BEHAVIORAL CHANGE - Essay Example In any case, through the meeting there are the two slip-ups and enhancements that when all around secured would prompt a superior game structure that would suit all the viewpoints that would have been disregards in the past plan (Wolock et., al, 2010). It is hard to plan an ideal game without a preliminary form. Through picked up information on the examination nature it would be simpler for the specialist to think of points and destinations that should be considered when planning a game. This would decrease the normal errors which are evident even to the fans thus making a superior comprehension about the exploration in both quantitative and hypothetical way (Breakwell, 2006). Through examination strategy, the paper is planned for using the different viewpoints, for example, theory, research configuration, research approaches and information assortment to find out the necessities of play and structure through exploration philosophy (Ackermann, 2008). Fig1. Planning a game, Accessed f rom: http://moerg.files.wordpress.com/2011/06/img_1469.jpg?w=390&h=289, on sixth Nov 2011. Exploration Philosophy: Through the philosophical viewpoints it is significant that the fashioner understands the philosophical substance of the examination, for example the authenticity, positivism and interpretive. These components will decide the impacts of the players and the crowd. ... Exploration Strategies: According to Wolock et., al, (2010), so as to accomplish any analyst needs to plan on the best technique to utilize which relies upon the necessities of the examination structure and play. There are powerful exploration systems like information assortment assets, research goals and approaches that would improve the accomplishment of examination venture inside, as far as possible and extent of examination (Archer, 1993). Taking a shot at viable examination forms incorporates yet not restricted to contextual investigation, interviews, tests, perceptions, studies and writing survey. These variables draw out a more extensive recognition and exploration trustworthiness inside the activities that were overseen as indicated by the trial examination (Hourcade, 2008). Information Collection Through proper information assortment strategy, the scientist would accomplish a decent play plan with legitimate and solid information and data. The scientist ought to include both essential and optional information assortment techniques (Ackermann, 2008). The essential date assortment strategies should be possible through direct data got from reviews and meetings led legitimately between the questioner and the interviewee. This lessens odds of passing on immaterial data as the questioner would have the option to examine the interviewee to get more data (Breakwell, 2006). The optional information assortment technique incorporates perusing from diaries, books and scholarly articles desire to make reference to. When the two techniques for information assortment are conduce about the play structure, examination should be possible to discover the necessary data to be executed on the play configuration (Bell, 2006) Needs and Pleasures  In request to accomplish research plan; we need to consider the plan practice itself. From the outset

Climate Change Fact or Fiction Free Essays

Climate can be characterized as the condition of the environment including developments of vitality like breeze and precipitation. Atmosphere is the for the most part winning climate examples of an area. The atmosphere of an area is comprised of the diverse climate designs. We will compose a custom article test on Environmental Change: Fact or Fiction or then again any comparative theme just for you Request Now The climate designs are generally monotonous as indicated by the seasons. Where I’m from in southwest Nebraska it snows in the winter, rains in the spring, and is blistering in the late spring. The inquiry is, has the climate and atmosphere consistently been similar to this in Nebraska? We have verification that atmosphere has changed previously. Seventy million years back there may have not been any ice on the North Pole. The locale was doubtlessly canvassed in timberland. The astounding piece of this speculation is that without the polar ice tops the sea levels would associate with seventy meter higher than they are currently. Researcher likewise realize that the world was in its latest ice age around 2. 6 million years prior. On the off chance that the North Pole went from woodland to ice sixty-8,000,000 years, clearly the world has seen extraordinary changes previously. This brings up the issue of whether this could transpire once more. Could the increments in temperature that everyone credits to a worldwide temperature alteration simply be a characteristic pattern of the planets atmosphere? The vast majority think not. The intelligent response for the consistent increment in temperature is a worldwide temperature alteration because of the â€Å"Greenhouse Effect†. The Greenhouse Effect is brought about by an expansion in the grouping of â€Å"greenhouse gasses† in the air. The absolute most overwhelm nursery gasses are Carbon dioxide, Methane, Nitrous oxide, and Water fume. A few people may contend that these gasses are found normally in the environment. The centralization of the gasses could be expanding because of normal components. The climate might be holding these gasses in for an obscure explanation, or the earth might be delivering higher fixations normally. This hypothesis is impossible as indicated by information recorded in past years. Ice centers show that the grouping of carbon dioxide in the climate has expanded drastically since the mechanical upheaval. It’s no incident that an Earth-wide temperature boost began turning out to be observable a similar time people began gathering petroleum derivatives. Consuming, mining, and preparing non-renewable energy sources are the fundamental driver of the expansion in gas discharges. As indicated by Peter Singers book One World, the logical proof that human exercises are changing the atmosphere of our planet has been concentrated by the IPCC so as to give strategy creators a definitive perspective on environmental change and its causes. (Pg. 15) The â€Å"Third Assessment Report† discharged by the IPCC in 2001 found that our planet has given away from of warming over the previous century. Since 1960 day off ice spread has diminished by around 10%, and mountain ice sheets are in retreat wherever aside from close to the shafts. Resembling the adjustments in the atmosphere is an extraordinary increment in the grouping of nursery gasses in the climate. This expansion is created by human exercises, for example, consuming petroleum products, the freeing from vegetation, and on account of methane, cows and rice creation. Not for at any rate the last 400 and twenty years has there been so much carbon dioxide and methane in the air. Pg. 15-16) What will occur in the event that we keep on radiating expanding measures of gasses into the climate, and an Earth-wide temperature boost keeps on expanding? As per the Third Assessment Report, somewhere in the range of 1990 and 2100, normal worldwide temperatures will ascend by in any event 1. 4 °C, and by as much as 5. 8 °C. In spite of the fact that these normal ascents in temperature may appear to be little, even a 1 °C ascent in the normal temperature would be more prominent than any change that has happened in a solitary century in the previous ten-thousand years. In addition, some provincial changes will be increasingly outrageous and are substantially more hard to foresee. (Pg. 16-17) If the normal temperature of a significant rural locale was to rise 5 °C all the prevailing yields in the region may not be appropriate for the area any longer and major financial defeat could result. Since everyone on the planet knows about the reason for an unnatural weather change, the inquiry emerges, what are we expected to do? I accept the best and best response to that question is diminish the measure of vitality that we use. The first and most straightforward advance is to lessen your capacity utilization. Making power is perhaps the biggest utilization of petroleum products which implies the less force made, the less non-renewable energy sources utilized. Everyone can utilize less force by just killing lights and unplugging machines when not being used. Most apparatuses keep on expending power much after they have been killed, if everyone just unplugged their hardware or turned off the electrical extension vitality would turn into significantly progressively reasonable. Another colossal issue with the world is autos. While the vast majority love their vehicles and don’t need to lose the opportunity to go anyplace their musings may be changed when they take a gander at all the negatives vehicles produce. To start with, is constantly, vitality, and assets used to make a vehicle. Most vehicle parts are produced using extra metals and minerals and afterward transported over the globe. This not just uses up mineral saves in the creation of the parts however expends a lot of oil vitality in the transportation procedure. At that point, as everyone realizes every one of these vehicles expend enormous measures of vitality as gas each day, this will exhaust our oil gracefully in a matter of moments. Vehicles likewise need streets to drive on. Streets are the main buyer of the United States mineral assets, and the take up extremely a lot of room in urban communities and horticultural regions. Individuals in urban areas can ride the transport and everyone can ride the train on significant distance trips. On the off chance that we could all slice the sum we drive down the middle the manageability of a large number of the world’s assets would increment significantly. Killing your lights and taking the transport aren’t the main way individuals can lessen the measure of nursery gasses they contribute. Production lines produce a lot of contaminations consistently. Processing plant items can likewise add to air contamination since everything made expects assets to be delivered. What's more, after an item is spent it becomes squander and should be discarded somehow or another. We can bring down the measure of waste that is being placed into landfills by purchasing products that aren’t over bundled. Numerous products are energized with enormous and extravagant bundling yet at long last individuals simply discard the bundle. In the event that a similar item can be bought in a littler bundle it will cost less and occupy less room as waste. Customers should attempt to purchase new create from nearby stores. While new merchandise are not for the most part over bundled, purchasing nearby additionally assists with eliminating the measure of transportation and the vitality squandered while the thing was put away in huge stockrooms. Another progression in the ecological protection process is to reuse everything conceivable. This is more effectively said than accomplished for a great many people however it is turning out to be simpler and increasingly advantageous constantly. Reusing containers are springing up all over in helpful areas and the motivating forces to reuse are getting more noteworthy constantly. It isn’t that difficult to isolate effectively recyclable materials like jars and jugs in your home and take them to the correct reusing focus. Another simple was to reuse is take your plastic shopping sacks back for reusing or get a reusable pack. On the off chance that assets are saved, at that point normally the measure of gasses being discharged into the air will be diminished. Taking everything into account, an Earth-wide temperature boost is a significant worldwide issue. On the off chance that an adequate cure isn’t discovered soon enough the world may never be the equivalent. Finding a way to bend the ascent of an Earth-wide temperature boost is simpler than the vast majority think. Step by step instructions to refer to Climate Change: Fact or Fiction, Papers

Relapses in Bulimia Recovery

Relapses in Bulimia Recovery Eating Disorders Diagnosis Print Relapses in Bulimia Recovery By Lauren Muhlheim, PsyD, CEDS facebook twitter linkedin Lauren Muhlheim, PsyD, is a certified eating disorders expert and clinical psychologist who provides cognitive behavioral psychotherapy. Learn about our editorial policy Lauren Muhlheim, PsyD, CEDS Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Rachel Goldman, PhD, FTOS on January 28, 2020 Rachel Goldman, PhD FTOS is a licensed psychologist, clinical assistant professor, speaker, wellness expert specializing in weight management and eating behaviors.   Learn about our Medical Review Board Rachel Goldman, PhD, FTOS on January 28, 2020 Rob Lewine / Getty Images More in Eating Disorders Diagnosis Symptoms Treatment Awareness and Prevention In This Article Table of Contents Expand Looking at Statistics Measuring Stress Speaking With a Doctor View All Back To Top Relapses happen and are discouraging when they do. However, they don’t mean that you’ve failed or that you won’t ever be fully recovered. These setbacks are actually a normal part of the recovery process and offer the opportunity for both learning and strengthening recovery. Let’s first define the terms: A lapse or slip is the occurrence of a minor symptom while a relapse refers to a recurrence of frequent binge eating or purging. Because a lapse is a single event it does not necessarily lead to a relapse. Additionally, how one responds to a lapse plays a big role in whether it becomes a relapse. Looking at Statistics If you have experienced a relapse, you are in good company. Relapse rates for clients successfully treated for bulimia nervosa range from 31% to 44% during the first two years of recovery. Some studies have tried to identify features of the client that predict relapse (such as calorie restriction, symptoms at discharge, and body image disturbance); however, in my clinical experience, I’ve come to believe that a more helpful line of research might be looking at the contribution of stressful life events to physical and psychological symptomatology (and relapses). A study by Grilo and colleagues (2012) examined the relationship between stressful life events and relapse among patients with bulimia nervosa and eating disorder not otherwise specified (AKA EDNOS, the category now known as other specified eating disorder). In this study, researchers administered the Life Events Assessment, an instrument that assesses 59 negative events and 23 positive events categorized into stress domains including work, school, social/friendship, love, family, health, and financial. The results showed: Negative stressful life events, in particular, higher work stress (e.g., serious difficulties at work; laid off or fired) and higher social stress (e.g., broke up with or lost a friend), increase the likelihood of relapse. Measuring Stress In my clinical work with clients dealing with lapses and relapses, I find it helpful to look at a similar instrument, The social readjustment rating scale, a checklist of 43 stressful life events. This measure was published in 1967 by Holmes and Rahe. The purpose of the inventory was to catalog environmental events that had been identified in patients’ charts as frequently preceding the onset of psychiatric illness. A panel of judges assigned Life Change Unit (LCU) scales to these events. The scale included such events such as: death of a spouse (assigned the highest LCU score of 100), death of a close family member (63), pregnancy (40), change in financial state (38), and child leaving home (29). Even events normally  considered positive, such as marriage (50), are included because each is often associated with stress. When they published the scale, Holmes and Rahe reported that events were additive. Thus, if your spouse died and left you with no income and a child left home at the same time, your LCU score would be 1004029 169. The researchers stated that a score over 300 put someone at risk of illness. A score of 150 to 299 indicates moderate risk of illness (30% less than the higher category). A score below 150 is associated with only a slight risk of illness. The Holmes-Rahe model has been criticized primarily for its failure to take individual differences into consideration. The scale assumes that each stressor affects people the same way, which is not necessarily true; for example, some people may find divorce extremely stressful, while for others it can be a relief. Speaking With a Doctor While it may not be a psychometrically sound instrument, I nevertheless find it useful clinically to help clients understand when and why relapses may have occurred. The quantification of life events helps clients to see stressors to which they may have given little attention. Its important to speak with your doctor or healthcare professional about the specific stressors in your life, so you can better pinpoint the moments youre most susceptible to reverting to bulimic behavior. Bulimia Discussion Guide Get our printable guide for your next doctors appointment to help you ask the right questions. Download PDF If you have had a relapse recently, it is worth checking out this measure, which can be self-administered, and considering whether you can identify recent stressors in your life. Often when clients experience a return of symptoms, it is following stressful life events and/or transitions such as going to college or starting a new job. This is not surprisingâ€"entrenched maladaptive behaviors come back when one feels overloaded or facing an unfamiliar environment and newer healthier coping skills have not yet become as ingrained. If you have had a recent relapse it is important to review what has happened and make a plan to get back on track. How you respond to a lapse or relapse is actually more important than that the lapse occurred. Addressing it early and diligently can prevent a single lapse from becoming a relapse or from truly derailing your recovery. What to Do After a Relapse Recognize and acknowledge that the lapse or relapse has happenedDon’t beat yourself up; practice self-compassionResolve to get back on track.Reach out for help from your support network and/or treatment team.Try to identify what factors contributed to the lapse/relapse and how you can handle similar triggering situations in the future.  Identify what techniques and coping strategies that helped you with recovery in the past you could employ again (e.g. completing food records, more diligent meal planning, etc.).  Consider going back to treatment maybe even for a booster session or two. In most cases, treatment following a lapse or relapse is briefer than the original treatment, and soon you are likely to be well back on the recovery path.   Why Its Critical to Prioritize Eating Disorder Recovery

Dimension Of Financial And Management Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 11 Words: 3238 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? This research focuses on three different dimension of Financial and management accounting. in the first part it gives a clear picture of company law and professional accounting frameworks which can be used to make financial reports of different companies comparable and reliable. Furthermore, the second given question was Discounted Cash flow and its importance for the business investment appraisal. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Dimension Of Financial And Management Finance Essay" essay for you Create order Lastly, the third part of this research assignment is discussing the importance of profitability and liquidity and how a business can manage its working capital to reduce the risk of short term liquidity problems. An introduction to each mentioned topic is given in the following separate paragraphs. Financial statements are the sum or conclusion of the performance of a company over a specified span of time which as a result, represents a clear financial status of a company. There are different types of financial reports which are created by a company, but the major reports are: The Balance Sheet, Profit and Loss Statement and Statement of Cash flow. In order to make different companies financial report comparable there has to be a certain rules which should be followed by all companies. These rules are some forced by government in which all companies are being entitled to obey certain rules while preparing the reports. In UK, all companies must act in accordance with provisions the Companies Act 1985. In addition to company law, companies which are listed on stock exchange are required to follow Stock exchange rules and other professional accounting framework such as IFRS. (Atrill, P and Mclaney, E. 2005) Discounted cash flow is very useful techniques which are used in a wide variety of businesses. Mortgage loan are one of the best examples. Therefore, Discounted Cash flow (DCF) techniques are much preferred by the companies while making investment decisions. As an illustration, DCF analysis is a capital budgeting practice which is used to analyze and quantify the receipt and payment of a particular project or business venture. DCF methods are given preference in investment decisions because it takes in the account the importance of time value of money and amount of risk involved in acceptance of a project. (Ramagopal, C. 2008) Liquidity and profitability are equally important for existence of a company. A company which cannot pay its creditor on time or cannot meet its short term expenditures will easily become insolvent or bankrupt. On the other hand, Profitability is the amount of revenue exceed from its relevant expense. Therefore, both profitability and liquidity are equally important factor for survival of a business. Working capital is the difference between current asset and current liability. Management of working capital can reduce the risk of liquidity problems in the short run for a company. (Avadhani,V.A. 2010) Professional and Legal Regulatory Framework of Accounting (Task 1) Financial Reports and Accounting Frameworks: Financial statements are used to make fair decision by various numbers of users. Therefore, the major users of financial reports are classified into: Employees, Present and Potential Investor, Lenders, Customers, Suppliers and other trade payables, Government, and The Public. The objective of financial reports is to provide necessary and objective information about the company performance in order to allow users make sound economic decisions. (Atrill, P and Mclaney, E. 2005) Financial statements are the overall conclusion of the performance of a company over a specified span of time which as a result, represents a clear position of a company. There are various types of financial reports which are prepared by a company, but the major reports are: The Balance Sheet, Statement of Cash flow, Profit and Loss Statement, and The statement of changes in equity. (Atrill, P and Mclaney, E. 2011) UK Government Accounting Standards Untitled.png Source: Catalogue Pearsoned. 02.09.2013 In order to make different companies financial report comparable there has to be a certain rules which should be followed by all companies. These rules are some forced by government in which all companies are being entitled to obey certain rules while preparing the reports. In UK, all companies must act in accordance with provisions the Companies Act 1985 (CA 1985) which is now changed to Companies Act 2006. Under the mentioned Act, every company is entitled to present their Balance sheet and Income statement at the end of each financial year with true and clear vision. In addition, companies, under Schedule 4 of CA 1985, are further restricted to follow certain format and provide additional information by way of notes. Moreover, Companies in UK should also comply with Financial Reporting Standard and other professional guidance. And these are: Accounting Standards: these are comprised of Financial Reporting Standard (FRS) and Statement of Standard Accounting Practice (SSAPs) which have been issued and adopted by Accounting Standard Boards (ASB). Majority of companies apply these two standards. Financial Reporting Standard for Smaller Entities (FRSSE): this sum up all accounting format which UK small entities are restricted to follow. International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS): these are issued by International Accounting Standard Board (IASB). All UK Stock exchange listed companies are required to follow this standard. However, unincorporated companies are exempt from IFRS accounting regulations. Limitation of Financial Reports: Although Legal and professional accounting framework are designed to meet quality factors (Relevance, reliable, objective, and comparable), but still there are some limitations attached to financial reports which cannot be ignored. And these limitations are: Conventionalized representation: Business are different in their nature and financial reports are prepared in a highly standardized way. This can limit usefulness and comparability of information. In addition, users often find difficult to understand the component of business since financial reports are highly aggregated. This means several information is combined together and presented in a very few figures which often users struggle to find their correct path. In addition, Standards are basically general purpose which ignores to identify the difference between large and small entities. (Elliot Barry, Elliott Jamie. 2008) Adverse allocative effects: this can occur if economic consequences as a result of standard regulation are not taken into account by standard setters. For example, preparing such reports in accordance with standard may cost companies higher than their normal reporting system. Now this can affect the company profitability which can be regarded as an adverse effect. (Elliott Barry, Elliott Jamie. 2008) Backward-Looking: Users are interested in future and certainties however, financial reports are based on past events and provide information which has already affected the company. Non-Financial information: financial statements do not take into account non-financial factors. This factors could highly affect a company performance. Such as: Business risk and opportunities, Management policies, company performance and prospects analysis, and description of the business major operation. Other information: basically some companies provide additional information along with its financial report. This additional information is not always relevant to most users is most of the cases. And this could further affect objective and comparability of financial reports. Discounted Cash flow and its importance in investment decisions (TASK 2) Companies need to invest in projects in order to expand their business activities and become leader in the market by increasing their market share. Since there are various techniques which are used to analyze an investment decisions, Discounted Cash flow (DCF) techniques are much preferred by the companies while making investment decisions. In other word, DCF analysis is a capital budgeting practice which is used to analyze and quantify the receipt and payment of a particular project or business venture. DCF methods are given preference in investment decisions because it takes in the account the importance of time value of money and amount of risk involved in acceptance of a project. Time Value of Money: The concept of Time value of money is based on the fact that a pound received today has higher value than a pound received next day. Even a child prefers todayacirc;s enjoyment than waiting for tomorrow. According to Ramagopal, C. (Financial Management. 2008) there are several factors which support the concept that Money has time value. Risk and Uncertainity: there is risk and uncertainities always involved in future. Out flows are in a company control but there are is no any gurantee for future cash inflow. Thus a pound today is regarded to have higher value than a pound in future. Present Need are more important: businesses generally prefer current expenditure and consumption. Opportunity to invest: an individual or a business can invest money today so that they could gain benefit of Interest or profit as a result of their investment. Inflation: Inflation in an economy will decrease the money purchasing power. Most government have structural inflation which is fixed every year thus a pound received next year will have much less purchasing power than a pound received today. To make this concept more clear let suppose that 100 pound is invested today in a bank with a return of 10% interest rate each year. At the end of year one the interest which will be paid for initial investment is 10 pound and the total amount will be 110 pounds. Therefore the value of 110 pounds to be received after a year is equivalent to the value of 100 pound received today. Discounted cash flow are very useful techniques which is used in a wide variety of businesses. Mortgage loan are one of the best examples. Interestingly, DCF methods can also be used by Investors while purchasing companies stocks. In addition, Managers use this method to identify potential investment decisions or choose the best investment decision among several projects. The overall application of DCF methods is to convert future cash flows into present value by discounting these cash flows at the rate of company cost of capital. (Kern, Andy. 2010. The importance of DCF Valuation) For example, we purchase a 20 year debenture on the day it issued on the market at face value price. So when we purchased this debenture, in fact we invested on this company and over the period of 20 years we expect to receive an amount greater than the value we purchased. Therefore, the value of this debenture today is calculated by discounting the value of principal and interest to be received over the period of 20 years. Or in other word, the value of today debenture equal to the sum of discounted value of interest and principal payment it will make over the 20 years. Advantages of Discounted Cash Flow It can be used to identify the value of a business as whole or also it can be used to determine the value of a specific project or component of a business that can be added to the overall value of business after conducting certain investments. It is simple and easy to calculate and understand. But it can be modified to deal with complex structure. In addition, both equity shareholders and investor can use this model to appraise investment. Investor can use DCF techniques to discount the value of shares or debenture in to current amount and calculate the amount of interest they earn over period of time. Meanwhile, companies can also use DCF method to evaluate investment decisions and make proper and sound investment in projects so that the value of the company is encouraged if the NPV or IRR is greater than cost of capital. Profitability VS Liquidity and Working Capital Management to Reduce Liquidity Problems (Task 3) Liquidity and its importance for business survival: Liquidity is generally referred to the ability of an entity to meet its short term obligation or in other word the ability of a company to convert assets into cash. The term short term is basically known as those obligation which matures within one year period of time. Short term is also sometimes regarded as operating cycle: buying, manufacturing, selling and collecting. Liquidity is very much equally important for existence of a company. A company which cannot pay its creditor on time or cannot meet its short term expenditures will easily become insolvent or bankrupt. Moreover, companies operation and reputation will be in huge danger if the firm is unable to meet its short term obligation. Lack of sufficient cash on hand may affect company to lose some incentives from suppliers which will result in higher cost of goods or services. Thus, higher cost will result in less amount of turnover and profit. Therefore, companies always consider liquidity as an important factor and they always try to retain sufficient amount of liquidity. Nevertheless, there is not any standard procedure with regard to company liquidity requirement but mostly it depends on nature of business, location of the business, scale of operation and so on. (Avadhani,V.A. 2010) Liquidity is one of the major concerns for users while making any sort of deal with the company. Every stakeholder is interested in companies which has higher liquidity. Suppliers will only deal with the company when they know that their money will be received in specified time and the company is able to provide money for their good and services provided. Shareholders are interested in profitability, however they know higher liquidity will give the company the opportunity to get incentives from suppliers which will result in lower cost of goods and services and finally higher profit and dividend or capital gain. Lastly, Bank and other financial institutions always consider companies liquidity position before signing any sort of contract or loan agreement. The liquidity position of a company can easily be understood by looking at it financial statements. Current asset and current liability are the areas which locate the company liquidity position. In order to understand the liquidity position of a company, a number of ratios can be used. These majors are Current Ratio and Quick Ratio. (Singh, Y.P. 2007) Profitability and its Importance for business survival: Profitability is the amount of revenue exceed from its relevant expense. Generally both profitability and liquidity are equally important factor for survival of a business. However in the short run a business need to be liquid enough to proceed with its operation but in the long run profitability comes into consideration. Business which are not profitable in the long run will just simply become insolvent. There is an inverse relationship between profitability and liquidity. The higher profitability the less liquid will be the company. This can best described in the following example: If the asset side of a company balance sheet is arranged in a sequence of liquidity, we will get the following order. So if we see the above order, as we go from top to bottom the liquidity decreases. However, profitability is totally vice versa. Fixed assets are more profitable for the companies as compare to receivables, securities and cash. Higher liquidity will result in lower risk and lower profit. However, lower liquidity will result in higher risk and higher return. As a result, there is a trade off between profitability and liquidity. Therefore, the role of managers become more dominant to set certain targets which could achieve both partially so that the business can maximize its profit while meeting its obligation successfully. Working Capital Management to reduce risk of Liquidity problems: Working capital is the difference between current asset and current liability. And this helps us to understand the position of a company from liquidity point of view. Based on the above definition, working capital of a company can take one of the following forms. Positive working capital: current asset is greater than current liability Negative working capital: current asset is less than current liability Zero working capital: when current asset equals current liability It is generally accepted that higher the positive working capital, better will be the firm liquidity position.Furthermore, managing working capital is not just related to current asset and current liability but it also relies on fixed assets and long term funds. (Satyaprasad, B.G. Raghu, G.A. 2010) Factors which determine working capital: There are various factors which determine the amount or level of working capital for a particular business. These factors are positioned in the following diagram:11.png Source: Satyaprasad, B.G. Raghu, G.A. 2010 Financing of Working Capital and Liquidity: Once the size of working capital is determined, then the management of the company need to decide the financing of working capital. There are three major policies to finance working capital called conservative policy (Approach A), Average policy (Approach B), and Aggressive policy (Approach C). If a company invest huge amount of money on current asset rather than fixed asset then it is considering conservative approach. Similarly, if the business invest average in current asset then it follows Average working capital approach. Finally, if the business is investing very less on current asset or in other word, business consider its focus on investing heavily on fixed assets then it said to be Aggressive policy or approach. These approaches are best described in the following diagram. (Satyaprasad, B.G. Raghu, G.A. 2010)1212.png Source: Satyaprasad, B.G. Raghu, G.A. 2010 Working capital management is also referred to operating efficiency. It all about How efficient the management of a firm could manage its inventory, receivable and payables to reduce short term liquidity problems. The best operating firms never want to have inventory sitting idly in a warehouse for months or years, and at the same time they never run out of product when it comes to selling point of view. Companies are on buying products, raw material from suppliers on credit term and the more the period available to pay off its debt for a company, the lesser liquidity problems will arise. Similarly, companies sell products or services to customer. The period of time the company receive their money from customer also have a huge impact on the liquidity of a firm. Therefore, Companies need to consider several ratios such as Inventory turnover, payable turnover, and receivable turnover in order to reduce the risk of liquidity. Nevertheless, operating efficiency and ratio analysis reduce the liquidity problems in short period of time. (Money-Zine. 07.02.2013) REFRENCES Atrill Peter, McLaney Eddie. (2011). Financial Accounting for decision Makers, sixth edition. Published by Pearson Education Limited Avadhani, V.A. (2010). International Financial Management. Management of Longterm International Financing. Published by. Himalaya Publishing House Catalogue Pearsoned. Accounting Rules and Regulation. Accessed by 02.09.2013. followed by https://catalogue.pearsoned.co.uk/assets/hip/gb/hip_gb_pearsonhighered/samplechapter/Dysonch2.pdf Elliott. B and Elliott. J. (2008). Financial Accounting and Reporting 12th Edition. Finch Clare. (2008). A studentacirc;s guide to International Financial Reporting Standards Second Edition. Published by: Kaplan Publishing UK Kern Andy. (2010). Transparent Value See the Market Clearly. The Importance of Discounted Cash Flow Valuation. Retrieved from https://www.rbpinstitute.com/PDFs/how-is-rbp-used/The%20Importance%20of%20Discounted%20Cash%20Flow%20Valuation.pdf Money-Zine. Effeciency Ratios. Accessed by: 07.02.2013. followed by: https://www.money-zine.com/Investing/Investing/Efficiency-Ratios/ Satyaprasad, B.G. Raghu, G.A. (2010). Advanced Financial Management. Working Capital Management. Published by Hamalaya Publishing House Sharma, S.P. (2008). Advanced Financial Management : Modern Methods and Techniques. Published by Paradise Publisher Singh, Y.P. (2007). Accounting and Financial Management for I.T. professionals. Published by New Age International. Pp 120-130. Ramagopal, C. (2008). Financial Management. Published by New Age International Bibliography: Desai, Vasant. (2009). Financial Markets and Financial Services. Published by: Himalaya Publishing House Financing Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (2008): An Independent Evaluation of IFCs Experience with Financial Intermediaries in Frontier Countries. International Financial Corporation. Published by World Bank publication. Gordon, E. Natarajan, K. (2010). Financial Markets. Published by Himalaya Publishing House Koutmos, Gregory. (2007). European Financial Markets. Published by: Emerald Group Publishing Ltd Smith, Barry. (2010). Introductory Financial Accounting. Published by: Open University Press. Temte, Andrew. (2005). Financial Statement Analysis. Published by: Dearborn Trade, A Kaplan Professional Company

Theories of Teaching and Learning and their Impact on the...

Theories of Teaching and Learning and their Impact on the Classroom Environment Although there are many theories of teaching and learning, this essay will be focusing primarily on professionalism, cognition and language, cognitive views of learning and behaviourism, and how they individually and collectively impact the classroom environment. A professional teacher encompasses essential characteristics to teach at their highest level. They continue to learn throughout their teaching careers and constantly assess themselves and their students. Professionals also have the ability to make decisions in ill defined situations (Eggen Kauchak, 2010, p. 5) , showing their knowledge and understanding of their students, teaching and the†¦show more content†¦The way students think about the world they live depends on their maturity and perhaps even more significantly on their experiences (Eggen Kauchak, 2010. p. 20) . This is all connected to development, and the three factors affect ing development, namely, experience, learning and maturation. It is why younger students dont comprehend to the extent of older students, or why through experience, a student may know more than his or her peers. It is referred to as cognitive development. When the human brain and cognitive development are explored we can see why maturation is so important to a students learning and understanding. To understand cognitive development more accurately, a deeper and explanation of how the brain deals with provided stimuli, and also why maturation has such an impact on learning is needed. The brain contains neurons that are made up of dendrites and axons. Dendrites are a part of neurons that receive messages from other neurons, these make up the learning capabilities of the brain. Axons are components of neurons that transmit outgoing messages to other neurons. To allow these messages to be transmitted there are tiny spaces between the neurons called synapses. Explaining this further, y oung childrens brains create new synapses for very new experience they encounter, however, as they grow, and information is correlated, only the ones needed remain. If the brain is stimulated it will retain moreShow MoreRelatedLearning Is Viewed As One Of The Most Important Interactive Activities1643 Words   |  7 Pages Learning Theory Paper Kimberlyn Boddie EDUC 2130: Teaching Learning Professor: George Darden November 1, 2015 Learning is viewed as one of the most important interactive activities in which children engage. Although most learning occurs outside of the school setting, it is the heart of the educational process. Psychologists and philosophers searched to understand the true nature of learning, why and how learning occurs at different stages in life and how it can haveRead MoreAed 200 Classroom Mgmt Paper1027 Words   |  5 PagesAssignment: Classroom Management Paper June 6, 2010 Aaronita J Morgan AED/200 Instructor: Junett Johnston The principles of behaviorism can be useful in facilitating learning within the classroom. Behaviorism offers a particular perspective on how learning occurs and how teaching impacts that process. B.F. Skinner argued that, â€Å"A behavior is more likely to reoccur if it has been reinforced or rewarded. Thus reinforcement can be used to strengthen existing behaviors, asRead MoreCritical Thinking And Problem Solving Skills1648 Words   |  7 Pageswith the integration of learning theories, pedagogies, transformative learning spaces, behavioural management and most importantly; the evolution and role of technology. 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Bric Free Essays

The emerging economics, the so-called BRICs: Brazil, Russia, India, and China are predicated to be global players in next few decades. In being the world’s top global players these countries must realize that in order to become a true global power they will have to take on greater social responsibilities that will deal with ethical concerns. An increasing number of companies are moving production to the BRICs in order to take advantage of generous tax incentives, high productivity rates, and cheap labor. We will write a custom essay sample on Bric or any similar topic only for you Order Now For example, Wal-Mart and Bharti Enterprises, a leading Indian cell phone operator, plan to open hundreds of Wal-Mart superstores across India by 2010 (International Business Environments and Operations, Applegate, Austin, and Soule 2009 pp. 219). However, with the BRICs emerging as economic powerhouses and the increasing number of foreign counties increasing to do business with them ethical rules must integrate into their business practices for the BRICs to have an impact on the whole world. Brazil has been an aspiring contender in the up and coming emerging counties but it has been struggling for decades because it has struggled to achieve expectations due to problems in income equality, productivity, and education. In order to obtain the status as one of the world’s leaders these social responsibilities must be addressed and corrected. The emergence of the BRICswill challenge the well-being and sustainability of the global environment. China is one of the pillars of the global economy, but controversies surround China’s future growth because of the controversy surrounding Chinese labor practices or tainted imports traced back to Chinese suppliers. In addition to the surrounding labor and tainted imports our Western-centric view of the world and current media restrictions in China the world’s largest country remains mysterious in many ways. Because of this, the development of a greater focus on corporate social responsibility in China has gone somewhat unnoticed. Chinese government has acted with some hesitancy in years past to fully embrace a more updated idea of corporate social responsibility because of fears such as added costs to exporting goods; however the situation has now changed. Not only are there new proposed regulations that foreign companies must submit their own sustainability reports within China, but various sectors within the Chinese economy have embraced both domestic and international standards to help propel Chinese businesses to greater heights around the world. ttp://www. chinacsr. com/en/2009/02/23/4572-how-far-can-chinese-companies-take-corporate-social-responsibility/. Russia is faced with incurring concerns with ethical issues that is attributed to their uncertain weak and corrupt government and the emergence of widespread market activity in Russia. Bribery has become a way of business in Russia. According to several recent surveys and interviews with dozens of ordinary Russians, it has surged in scale and scope in recent years under the presidency of Vladimir Putin. The prevalence of corruption and crime in business affairs has been generally recognized as a major cause of concern. Speculation about whether the movement toward a legitimate market economy can be sustained without a foundation of supportive institutions has been justifiably raised. The development of a system of ethical business practices in Russia process is needed to create a civil society along with becoming a global world leader. India is well aware of their involvement in corporate social responsibility to gain a position as one of the world’s strongest leaders. In terms of government rules and regulations, Jagdish Sheth, executive director of the India, China and America Institute and a professor of marketing at Emory University said that in India, â€Å"the government acts as a gatekeeper rather than an enabler, with slow approval, a complex bureaucracy and corruption. Enforcement is also lax† (Sheth, 2007). India has enacted several laws pertaining to child labor laws, environmental, and right to information and corruption laws however there are low levels of government capacity for law enforcement and implementation in India, causing relatively high levels of corruption, but other laws were enacted to give the general public right to government information which was meant to promote transparency and responsibility in the work of all governmental institutions. There is a strong belief in corporate social responsibility in India,† Sheth said. He also noted how Indian management style differs from that in the West: Decisions are made by the person at the top, not in a participatory way. And there is what he called a caste system by education. http://www. scu. edu/ethics/practicing/focusareas/business/conference/2007/presentations/sheth. html How to cite Bric, Papers

Heroism in Shooter and Water Margin Essay Example For Students

Heroism in Shooter and Water Margin Essay In the essay, A Comparative Study on Heroism in Shooter and Water Margin, by Xiahong Wei and Jian Xu, published by Theory and Practice in Language Studies, Wei and Xu compare how cultural background can affect the two types of heroism shown in the films Shooter and Water Margin. Wei introduces the paper by explaining how movies are so strongly rooted to each respectful culture and that they are more of a representation of a culture instead of a mode of entertainment. Wei and Xu address viewing films that reflect one’s country can help people comprehend contrasting cultures and advance intercultural communication. Wei compares the two cultures by first describing the American film Shooter. It is about a man that is an expert sniper and protects the president of the United States but is hunted down after being framed of killing the Ethiopian archbishop. Bob Lee then then is hunted down by the FBI and tries to find the truth of what really happened. Wei and Xu addresses that Shooter is a typical American hero movie because it contains a soldier who is strong and does not associate himself with any groups; which is common in individual heroism. Wei indicates that individual heroism shown in American films is not only there for entertainment but also a representation of American culture. Heroes such as in Shooter are strong, brave, courageous, and wise. Through these characteristics is Bob successful in achieving the impossible. Wei analyzes the individual heroism by explaining that it has a big effect on how Americans dress, educate, and behave on an everyday basis. He indicates that American people believe to be a special group of people blessed by God and that they have the right to do anything they want to do because human rights and freedom are crucial. The people of America are all based on a individualistic mindset and even in their jobs they try to increase their network for selfish individual purposes. They display a life of independence in daily life that they don’t think about other (Wei and Xu 2). In the Chinese film, Water Margin, Wei explains that the famous film contained one hundred and eight people all with distinct cultures and classes. Though the people living along the water margin had different personalities, they were all living as one society under a cruel leadership. Even though they were all from different level of social class, they came together as one and rebelled against the cruel authority. Wei asserts that this movement by the people in the water margin is collective heroism. Unlike American heroes who have supernatural powers and fight the bad by themselves, Chinese heroes are ordinary people and come together as a group to fight the unjust. Wei describes that the definition of a true hero used to be a man who sacrifices himself for the people, but after the film Water Margin, heroes can be a collective group of people that don’t fight alone. Wei points out that collective heroism is present in Chinese culture and the society is ruled by it. The loyalty shown in Water Margin is also ever present in the Chinese society (Wei and Xu 5) Wei and Xu conclude by mentioning that in America, the movies such as shooter provides encouragement for personal improvement and individualism. While in China, collectivism still thrives in society. These kinds of movies allow people from different culture to portray an image of themselves and it allows countries to share their culture thus improving international communication.